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| 甜菜幼苗叶片光合性能、渗透调节及活性氧对高硼胁迫的响应 |
| Leaf photosynthesis and tissue damage response to high boron stress in sugar beet seedlings |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-22 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0209 |
| 中文关键词: 甜菜，高硼胁迫，光合生理，渗透调节，细胞组织染色 |
| 英文关键词: sugar beet, high boron stress, photosynthetic physiology, osmotic adjustment, cell tissue staining |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系（糖料）建设专项（CARS-170204） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究甜菜幼苗对硼毒害的响应，采用水培试验的方法，研究了不同硼浓度（0.05、0.25、0.50、2.50、5.00 mmol·L-1 H3BO3）条件下，高硼胁迫对甜菜幼苗叶片光合性能、渗透物质调节及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明：高硼胁迫影响甜菜幼苗生长发育进程，硼处理第15~20 d时对幼苗影响最大。随着硼浓度的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量呈下降趋势，与对照相比差异显著，净光合速率与叶绿素含量规律表现一致，叶绿素a/b在0.50 mmol·L-1时达到最大值；果糖及淀粉含量在高硼胁迫下增加，在2.50 mmol·L-1时与对照相比均差异显著，分别比对照增加了114.5%、78.2%。蔗糖含量显著下降，与对照相比降低了31.8%~54.1%；当硼浓度达到0.50 mmol·L-1时，丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量显著增加。染色观察发现，随着硼浓度的增加，叶片中超氧阴离子与过氧化氢积累也逐渐增加，均在5.00 mmol·L-1时累积最严重。研究表明，硼毒害使甜菜叶片光合能力下降，阻碍光合产物的运输，细胞内活性氧大量积累，对细胞产生氧化胁迫，进而抑制甜菜植株生长。本试验条件下，硼浓度0.50 mmol·L-1可以作为甜菜幼苗高硼胁迫的临界值，超过该浓度，植株生长受到显著抑制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The article aims to explore the response of sugar beet seedlings to boron toxicity. In the present research, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of high boron stress under different boron concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 2.50, and 5.00 mmol·L-1 H3BO3) on the photosynthetic performance, osmotic substances regulation, and active oxygen metabolism of leaves from sugar beet seedlings. The results showed that high boron stress significantly affected the growth and development of sugar beet seedlings. The most significant stage was observed from the 15th to the 20th day. As the boron concentration increased, the content of Chla and Chlb decreased under high boron stress, which was significantly different from the control. The photosynthetic rate was consistent with the chlorophyll content. Chla/b was the maximum at 0.50 mmol·L-1. The content of fructose and starch continuously increased under high boron stress, which significantly increased by 114.5%, and 78.2%, respectively of the 2.50 mmol·L-1 treatment compared with the control sample. The sucrose content decreased significantly, and it was 31.8%~54.1% lower than the control sample. When the boron concentration was 0.50 mmol·L-1, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) increased remarkably. The staining observation showed that with increased boron concentration, the accumulation of super oxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves gradually increased, and both accumulated the most serious at 5.00 mmol·L-1. In summary, boron toxicity can reduce the photosynthetic capacity of sugar beet leaves, hinder the transportation of photosynthetic products, accumulate a large amount of active oxygen in cells, and produce oxidative stress on cells, thereby inhibiting the growth of sugar beet plants. According to this experiment, the boron concentration of 0.50 mmol·L-1 can be used as the critical value of high boron stress for sugar beet seedlings and above this concentration, plant growth was significantly inhibited. |
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