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| 包膜尿素和普通尿素混施对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮残留的影响 |
| Impact of coated urea combined with conventional urea on the yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil residual nitrate of summer maize |
| 投稿时间：2019-08-26 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0428 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米，包膜尿素，产量，氮肥利用率，土壤硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词: summer maize, coated urea, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, soil nitrate |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0200705）；北京市科技计划项目（D161100005516003）；北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项（KJCX20190302） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 曹兵 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 倪小会 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 陈延华 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 邹国元 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 王甲辰 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 杨友庆 | 山东省禹城市农业农村局, 山东 禹城 251200 | | | 陈立娟 | 山东省禹城市农业农村局, 山东 禹城 251200 | | | 刘杰 | 山东省禹城市农业农村局, 山东 禹城 251200 | | | 王学霞 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | wxx0427@163.com |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1916 |
| 全文下载次数: 1627 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索一次性施肥（包膜尿素和普通尿素混施）对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率、施肥经济效益和土壤硝态氮残留的影响，以夏玉米品种‘富友9’为材料进行了大田试验，试验设不施氮、常规施氮、减氮10%（30%包膜尿素）、减氮10%（50%包膜尿素）、减氮20%（30%包膜尿素）和减氮20%（50%包膜尿素）共6个处理，分析调查了夏玉米产量、氮素吸收和土壤无机氮动态变化。结果表明，包膜尿素在田间的释放曲线为抛物线形，释放期为81 d（氮素累积释放80%）。与常规分次施氮相比，采用包膜尿素和普通尿素混施处理的夏玉米产量增加2.85%~20.87%，氮肥利用率提高19.1~25.3个百分点。包膜尿素和普通尿素混施的情况下，夏玉米每公顷净收益（扣除肥料投入）比常规施氮增加1 000~4 484元。夏玉米收获后，在100~200 cm土体内残留硝态氮较常规施氮降低35.1%~56.6%，减少了硝态氮淋失风险。研究表明，减氮10%~20%的一次性基施混施肥在夏玉米上实现了增产增收，减少了硝态氮在深层土壤的残留量，降低了环境污染风险，综合夏玉米产量、氮肥利用率、施肥经济效益和土壤硝酸氮残留等因素来看，减氮10%（30%包膜尿素）施氮配方的效果最好。研究结果可为为夏玉米轻简化生产和氮肥减施增效提供技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The present study was conducted to assess the effects of single basal application of blended fertilizer (coated urea blended with conventional urea) on summer maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), economic returns, and residual soil nitrate, which could provide technical support for simplified cultivation and N application reduction as well as efficiency improvement for summer maize. A field experiment was designed to investigate the yield and N uptake of summer maize and soil inorganic N dynamics, and the summer maize cultivar Fuyou 9 was used as the material. The experiment included six treatments, namely no N fertilizer (CK), conventional N application (CON), 10% N rate reduction with a 30% ratio of coated urea (90N-30C), 10% N rate reduction with a 50% ratio of coated urea (90N-50C), 20% N rate reduction with a 30% ratio of coated urea (80N-30C), and 20% N rate reduction with a 50% ratio of coated urea (80N-50C). Showed the release pattern of coated urea showed a parabolic curve, and the release duration was 81 d (80% cumulative N release) under field conditions. In comparison with CON, the summer maize yield and NUE of blended fertilizer with basal application were increased by 2.85%~20.87% and 19.1~25.3 percent point, respectively. Compared with CON, the economic return of summer maize with blended fertilizer was increased by 1 000~4 484 yuan·hm-2. In comparison with conventional urea, the soil residual nitrate at 100~200 cm soil depth with blended fertilizer was reduced by 35.1%~56.6%, therefore, the risk of nitrate leaching was significantly decreased. Compared with conventional fertilization, single basal application of blended fertilizer with a 10%~20% N rate reduction increased the summer maize yield, NUE, and economic returns, and decreased the nitrate residue in the deeper soil layer, which mitigated the risk of environmental pollution. In summary, 90N-30C was superior considering the summer maize yield, NUE, economic returns, and residual soil nitrate. |
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