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| 我国农村厕所改造的区域特征及路径探析 |
| Regional characteristics and pathway optimization of China's rural toilet improvement |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0245 |
| 中文关键词: 农村环境，农村厕所改造，区域特征，差异来源，路径探析 |
| 英文关键词: rural environment, rural toilet improvement, regional characteristics, differences analysis, pathway optimization |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（41731286） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为促进农村卫生厕所改造，推动乡村人居环境整治，改善乡村生态环境。基于对我国农村厕所污染防治措施及改造类型的梳理，利用《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》数据，分析农村卫生厕所普及率与区域特征，探讨农村改厕的区域差异来源与提升路径。结果表明，我国农村卫生厕所主要包括粪尿分集式和水冲式两种类型。截止到2016年，我国卫生厕所普及率和无害化卫生厕所普及率分别为80.40%和60.50%。从区域上来看，东部卫生厕所普及率高于中部和西部，东北部无害化卫生厕所普及率仅有27.86%，约为西部的1/2、东部的1/3。从厕所类型上看，粪尿分集式厕所在各区域的应用比例较小，东部、西部和中部主要选择水冲式厕所，应用比例分别为85.28%、72.47%和65.52%；东北部主要应用其他类型厕所，比例为64.75%。研究表明，我国农村卫生厕所普及率区域差异明显，呈现"东高西低、南高北低"的格局，农村自然条件、发展水平、人文素养、政策落实等因素，是卫生厕所类型、数量、利用程度与功效的区域差异来源，未来农村改厕路径包括提高卫生厕所适用性、普及率、利用率和粪尿资源循环性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to promote rural sanitary toilet reinvention, accelerate the improvement of the rural living environment, and restore rural ecological environments, rural toilet pollution control measures and the reinvention types were summarized. Regional differences in rural sanitary toilet reinvention and their sources were studied based on the China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbooks. Urine-diverting toilets and flush toilets were the main types of sanitary toilets in China. Until 2016, the popularizing proportion of national's sanitary toilet and harmless sanitary toilet was 80.40% and 60.50%, respectively. The eastern region had the highest popularizing proportion of sanitary toilet than that of middle and western region. The popularizing proportion of harmless sanitary toilet in northeast was only 27.86%, which was half that of the western region and one-third of the eastern region. Urine-diverting toilets were rarely used for rural toilet improvement. Flush toilets were widely used in the eastern, western, and middle regions, with the ratio of 85.28%, 72.47%, and 65.52%, respectively. However, other types of toilets were selected by rural residents in the northeast with a ratio of 64.75%. Our results suggest significant differences in rural populations with sanitary toilets, with higher values in eastern and southern regions and lower values in western and northern regions. The significant differences in toilet types, numbers, utilization levels, and functions are influenced by rural natural conditions, development level, humanity attainment, and policy implementation. In the future, rural toilet improvement can be enhanced in terms of increased feasibility, population adoption, utilization ratio, and cycled urine and feces resources. |
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