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| 29种水生植物对农村生活污水净化能力研究 |
| Study on the purification ability of 29 aquatic plants to rural domestic sewage |
| 投稿时间：2018-09-12 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0235 |
| 中文关键词: 水生植物，净化能力，农村，生活污水，聚类分析 |
| 英文关键词: aquatic plants, purifying capacity, rural, domestic sewage, cluster analysis |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2014ZX07206001-07）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2015JJ2202）；湖南省重点研发项目（2018SK2017） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出对农村散户生活污水出水净化效果好的水生植物，以29种常见水生植物为材料，对模拟农村生活污水出水进行净化能力比较，并将不同植物对污染物的去除能力进行聚类分析。结果表明，有植物处理对污染物的去除率明显高于无植物对照，水力停留时间（HRT）对净化效果具有显著影响，水生植物在早期对污染物净化速率快。有植物处理对TN（总氮）的净化率比无植物对照组提高6.21%~26.66%，对NH3-N（氨氮）、TP（总磷）、CODCr（化学需氧量）、SS（悬浮固体）的净化率分别提高7.03%~23.92%、17.40%~28.13%、7.47%~18.62%、8.90%~13.00%。其中凤眼莲在试验前期对TN、NH3-N、TP净化具有一定优势，但试验后期对污染物净化能力与其他植物基本无差异，芦苇和香蒲在试验后期对TP净化效果较好。根据筛选指标的平均隶属函数值对29种植物进行聚类分析，可将植物分为高、中、低净化能力植物三大类：高净化能力植物为芦苇、凤眼莲、香蒲、花叶芦竹、美人蕉；中等净化能力植物为旱伞草、马蹄莲、大薸、睡莲、槐叶萍、伊乐藻、满江红、水葱、苦草、菖蒲、金鱼藻、千屈菜、荷花、萍蓬草、梭鱼草、茭草、狐尾藻、再力花、菹草、轮叶黑藻、德国鸢尾、芡实、黄菖蒲；低净化能力植物为菱。研究表明，挺水植物芦苇、香蒲、花叶芦竹、美人蕉，浮叶植物睡莲，漂浮植物凤眼莲，沉水植物伊乐藻、苦草对农村生活污水出水具有较高的净化能力，适合用于农村散户生活污水的植物修复治理中。凤眼莲属于外来入侵物种，在工程应用中需要采取一定控养措施，防止其对原有生态系统造成危害。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to screen aquatic plants for the effective purification of rural retail sewage water, 29 common aquatic plants were tested to compare their removal capacity for total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), and suspended solid (SS)in a septic tank effluent system. The removal ability of different plants on pollutants was determined and clustering analysis was conducted. The results showed that the removal rate of pollutants in control without plant was significantly lower than that of plant treatment. Treatment time significantly affected the purification efficiency of all pollutants. In the early stage of the experiment, the purification rate of pollutants by aquatic plants was fast. At the end of the 75-day experiment, the purification rate of TN was 6.21%~26.66% higher than that of the non-plant control, the purification rate of NH3-N, TP, CODCr, and SS was increased by 7.03%~23.92%, 17.40%~28.13%, 7.47%~18.62%, and 8.90%~13.00%, respectively. Eichhornia crassipes had certain advantages in the purification rate of TN, NH3-N, and TP in the early stage of experiment, indicating that the purification of these pollutants was obviously affected by Eichhornia crassipes in a short period of time. However, the purifying ability of Eichhornia crassipes in the late stage of the experiment was similar to that of other plants. Phragmites australis and Typha orientials had better TP purification effects in the later experiment. According to the average subordinate function value of screening index, 29 species of plants were clustered and classified into three categories:high purifying ability plants including Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes, Typha orientials, Arundo donax, and Canna indica; medium purifying ability plants such as Cyperus alternifolius, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Pistia stratiotes, Nymphaea L., Salvinia natans, Elodea nuttallii, Azolla imbricata, Scirpus validus, Vallisneria natans, Acorus calamus, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lythrum salicaria, Nelumbo nucifera, Nuphar pumilum, Pontederia cordata, Zizania caduciflora, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Thalia dealbata, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Iris germanica, Euryale ferox, and Iris pseudacorus; and low purifying ability species Trapa bispinosa. Results showed that emerged plant (Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Arundo donax, Canna indica), floating-leaved plant (Nymphaea L.), floating plant (Eichhornia crassipes), and submerged plant (Elodea nuttallii and Vallisneria natans)were suitable for phytoremediation and treatment of rural domestic sewage. Eichhornia crassipes was an invasive alien species, certain control measures need to be taken to prevent damage to the original ecosystem in engineering application. |
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