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| 玉米秸秆颗粒还田对土壤有机碳含量和作物产量的影响 |
| Effects of granulated maize straw incorporation on soil organic carbon contents and grain yield |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-26 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0137 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田，土壤有机碳，可溶性有机碳，作物产量 |
| 英文关键词: straw incorporation, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), grain yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300800）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303130）；国家自然科学基金项目（41501314） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为改进麦玉轮作区秸秆还田方式，推进秸秆资源高效利用，快速提升土壤质量，以秸秆不还田为对照（CK），通过连续3年田间微区试验，研究了等量玉米秸秆粉碎还田（CCSI）和颗粒化还田（GSI）对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳（SOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和作物产量的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，GSI和CCSI两种秸秆还田方式均能提高SOC和DOC含量，但主要集中在还田后1.5年内，还田后1.5~3年处理间无显著差异。在秸秆还田处理中，GSI处理能快速提高SOC和DOC含量。在还田当年，GSI处理0~20 cm土层SOC和DOC的平均含量较CCSI处理提高6.59%和3.00%，20~40 cm土层分别提高17.36%和12.65%，且两土层DOC/SOC也显著高于CCSI处理，但随着还田后时间延长，CCSI和GSI处理间差异逐渐缩小，还田后1.5年两者无显著差异。此外，GSI处理利于提高作物产量，且在还田当年增产效应更加突出。与CK和CCSI处理相比，GSI处理还田当年小麦产量分别提高9.80%和10.82%，玉米产量分别提高9.54%和3.45%。进一步分析发现，2013—2016年GSI处理虽然增加了经济投入，但由于具有更高的籽粒产量，最终获得较高的年均净利润，分别比CK和CCSI处理提高10.09%和3.24%。研究表明，秸秆颗粒还田较常规粉碎还田能快速提高SOC和DOC含量，促进当季作物增产，获得较高的经济效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to improve straw incorporation method, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality in the short time, a 3-year micro-field plot experiment was carried out at a modern agriculture research station in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China. The treatments included no straw incorporation(CK), conventional chopped straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth(CCSI) and granulated straw incorporation into the 0~15 cm depth (GSI). And then the soil organic carbon(SOC), soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DOC/SOC at 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers and grain yields at maturity of 2013-2016 were measured. The results showed that the GSI treatment and CCSI treatment significantly increased SOC and DOC concentrations in the 0~40 cm layers in relative to CK, but the increases were mainly in the 1~1.5 years after straw returning, there was no significant difference among treatments at other times. Compared with the CCSI treatment, the average increase of SOC and DOC contents in the 0~20 cm layers during 1 years of straw incorporation under the GSI treatment were significantly increased by 6.59% and 3.00%, and those increase in the 20~40 cm layers increased by 17.36% and 12.65%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ratio of DOC/SOC in the two layers under the GSI treatment was much higher than that under the CCSI treatment, but the increasing amplitude reduced gradually with time. The grain yield under the GSI treatment was highest among the three treatments, especially in the first year after straw returning. Compared with CK and CCSI treatment, the wheat yield under the GSI treatment was increased by 9.80% and 10.82%, and the maize yield increased by 9.54% and 3.45% during the first year. Further analysis found that, GSI treatment significantly increased cost, but higher grain yields had finally got much higher net profit than other treatments. Thus, granulated straw incorporation can improve soil fertility in the short time and increase grain yield in the first year after application. |
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