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| 基于“3414”的三七氮磷钾施肥量研究 |
| Studies on application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in Panax notoginseng cultivation based on “3414” fertilizer experiment |
| 投稿时间：2018-02-06 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0040 |
| 中文关键词: 三七，"3414"肥效试验，互作效应，肥料效应函数 |
| 英文关键词: Panax notoginseng, "3414" fertilizer experiment, interaction effects, fertilizer effect function |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502503）；云南省重大科技专项（2016ZF001，2017ZF001）；云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目（2017HB027） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过研究氮磷钾肥对三七[Panax notoginseng（Burk）F.H.Chen]产量及主要有效成分产量的影响，为三七种植生产推荐合理的施肥量，试验采用"3414"随机区组设计，进行连续2年的田间小区试验，测定三七植株农艺性状、产量、总皂苷产量等指标，通过肥料效应函数方程拟合氮磷钾施肥量。结果表明，施肥不同程度促进了三七株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽等农艺性状，且以适当施氮和磷的效果为最佳；二年七（二年生三七）对钾的依赖性较氮磷强，而三年七（三年生三七）对氮的依赖性最强；施氮能显著提高三七单位面积总皂苷产量，在低氮水平即可获得最高总皂苷产量，而磷、钾肥对皂苷含量及总皂苷产量的影响不明显；氮磷钾对三七产量的影响有互作效应，低磷、中钾水平利于氮肥肥效发挥，低氮、中钾水平利于磷肥肥效发挥，而低氮、中磷水平利于钾肥肥效发挥。根据三七总皂苷产量的三元二次回归方程，最大化三七总皂苷产量的施肥量：二年七为N 157~164 kg·hm-2、P2O5 179~187 kg·hm-2、K2O 337~356 kg·hm-2；三年七为N 192~200 kg·hm-2，P2O5 179~187 kg·hm-2，K2O 412~435 kg·hm-2。因此，分别针对二年七和三年七，适当控制施氮量和施钾量，增加施磷量，将三者进行合理配比，对提高单位面积三七总皂苷产量有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To recommend reasonable fertilizer application amount, effects of N, P and K levels on yield and output of main components of Panax notoginseng were researched in this study. Agronomic properties, yield and saponins output were measured in field plot experiments in 2 successive years with "3414" design. Application amount of N, P and K was simulated using fertilizer effect function equation. The results showed that fertilization at different degrees promoted the growth of agronomic characters as plant height, stem diameter, leaf size when the best promotion effect occurred with proper nitrogen and phosphorus application. Growth of two-year-old Panax notoginseng was more dependent on the phosphorus and potassium than nitrogen while the three-year-old was most dependent on nitrogen; N application improved significantly the total saponin output per unit area with the highest total saponin output in low nitrogen level. However, the effects of phosphorus and potassium application on saponin content and saponins output were not obvious. Effect of N, P and K on yield of Notoginseng was interactive. A combination low P and medium K was beneficial to N efficiency, and low N and medium K was to P efficiency, while K efficiency maximized in low nitrogen and medium phosphorus level. According to ternary quadratic regression equation of total saponins output of Panax Notoginseng, suitable fertilization rate was N 157~164 kg·hm-2, P2O5 179~187 kg·hm-2 and K2O 337~356 kg·hm-2 for 2-year-old Panax notoginseng, and N 192~200 kg·hm-2, P2O5 179~187 kg·hm-2, K2O 412~435 kg·hm-2 for 3-year-old Panax notoginseng when the total output of total saponins was maximized. Therefore, aiming at 2 and 3-year-old Notoginseng, properly controlling application amount of nitrogen and potassium and increasing amount of phosphorus with reasonable proportion, three is of great significance to increase the total saponin yield. |
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