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| 耕作方式与氮肥类型对稻田氨挥发、氮肥利用率和水稻产量的影响 |
| Effects of tillage practices and nitrogen sources on NH3 volatilization, nitrogen use efficiency and yield in pad-dy fields in central China |
| 投稿时间：2018-01-12 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0015 |
| 中文关键词: NH3通量，免耕，有机肥，缓释肥，氮肥吸收利用率 |
| 英文关键词: NH3 flux, no-tillage, organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, N recovery efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31671637）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301403） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过大田试验，设置常规翻耕（CT）、免耕（NT）两种耕作方式和不施氮肥（N0）、无机氮肥（IF）、缓释氮肥（SR）、有机无机氮肥配施（IFOF）4种施肥模式，研究其对稻田NH3挥发、氮肥利用率和水稻产量的影响。研究结果表明：耕作方式显著影响NH3挥发，而对氮肥利用率和水稻产量影响不大。与CT处理相比，NT处理NH3挥发量显著提高了15.5%。氮肥施用显著提高了NH3挥发、氮肥利用率和水稻产量。与N0处理相比，IF、SR与IFOF处理NH3挥发量分别提高了150.2%、75.8%与137.8%。氮肥处理中IFOF处理具有最高的氮肥利用率。与IF处理相比，IFOF处理氮肥吸收利用率（NRE）显著提高了43.2%，氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）提高了16.9%，氮肥农学效率（NAE）提高了20.1%；与SR处理相比，IFOF处理NRE显著提高了38.3%，NPFP提高了22.1%，NAE提高了51.3%。IF、SR与IFOF处理较N0处理水稻产量分别提高了43.6%、30.0%与44.4%。本研究结果表明，翻耕下有机无机氮肥配施能有效地降低NH3挥发，提高氮肥利用率和产量，但未来如何达到稻田NH3与温室气体的同步减排需要进一步研究。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted to assess effects of tillage practices as conventional intensive tillage(CT) and no-tillage(NT) and N sources as no N fertilizer(N0), inorganic N fertilizer(IF), slow-release N fertilizer(SR) and inorganic+organic N fertilizer(IFOF) on NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and yield in paddy fields in central China. Tillage practices significantly affected NH 3 volatilization, but had no effects on N use efficiency and rice yield. Compared with CT, NT obviously increased NH3 volatilization by 15.5%. N fertilization significantly enhanced NH3 volatilization, N use efficiency and rice yield. Treatments of IF, SR, IFOF remarkably increased NH 3 volatilization by 150.2%, 75.8% and 137.8%, respectively, relative to N0. IFOF treatment showed the highest N use efficiency among N fertilizer treatments. Compared with IF treatment, IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NREN (recovery efficiency) by 43.2%, NPFPN(partial factor productivity) by 16.9% and NAEN (agronomic efficiency) by 20.1%; IFOF treatment significantly enhanced NRE by 38.3%, NPFP by 22.1% and NAE by 51.3% relative to SR treatment. Rice yields under IF, SR and IFOF treatments were significantly 43.6%, 30.0% and 44.4% higher than that under N0 treatment. Our results suggested that CT in combination with IFOF could effectively mitigate NH 3 volatilization and increase N use efficiency and rice yield. However, further investigation is needed to discuss how to synchronously decrease NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions |
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