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| 间作大蒜对小麦根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Soil microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activity in the wheat-garlic intercropping system |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0080 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦，大蒜，间作，土壤，微生物，酶活 |
| 英文关键词: wheat, garlic, intercropping, soil, microorganism, enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:河南省现代农业（小麦）产业技术体系项目（Z2010-01-08）；河南省科技攻关项目（15210211029，152102110135，162102310352） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以商麦156为供试小麦品种，分别于2016年9月17日、10月1日和10月15日定植大蒜进行小麦间作大蒜试验，研究间作大蒜对小麦根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响，探寻小麦间作大蒜的最佳时期，探究同一处理时期内不同生育期间作大蒜下的小麦根际土壤微生物和酶活性的变化规律。结果表明：在任一处理时期间作大蒜的小麦根际细菌数量均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照，且与大蒜定植时长正相关，至140 d时最大，W1G1（小麦播种前14 d定植大蒜）、W2G2（小麦与大蒜同一时间播种和定植）、W3G3（小麦播种后14 d定植大蒜）较对照CK（仅播种小麦）分别增加83.64%、64.21%和44.94%。随生育期的后延，对照和处理真菌数量均呈逐渐上升趋势，但在同一处理时期内各处理真菌数量均低于小麦单作，且大蒜定植时长与真菌数量负相关。硝化细菌与氨化细菌变化规律类似，随处理时间的延长均表现先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势，对照与处理间差异达到极显著水平（P<0.01），处理间达到显著水平（P<0.05），且均在120 d时达到最大值，随后开始降低。在大蒜间作期内，对照和处理的小麦根际土壤磷酸酶和脲酶活性变化规律相同，均随生育期的延长而升高，至160 d时W1G1、W2G2、W3G3磷酸酶和脲酶活性较对照分别提高27.59%、23.45%、20.69%和30.56%、27.78%、16.67%。在140 d内，过氧化氢酶活性均随生育期的后延而升高，至140 d时达到最大值，之后过氧化氢酶活力开始降低，在80、100、120、140 d和160 d时，W1G1较对照分别提高18.19%、29.21%、40.51%、48.78%和62.71%。可见，间作大蒜定植时期越早，小麦根际细菌、硝化细菌和氨化细菌数量越多，真菌数量越低，磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活力越高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The effects of garlic on the number of soil microbes and the activity of soil enzyme in wheat of shangmai156 rhizosphere soil were explored by intercropping garlic in different planting period. The variation of soil microorganism and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil of wheat under the different breeding period during the symbiotic period was investigated. The results showed that the number of rhizosphere bacteria of the garlic wheat rhizosphere was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that of the control(wheat single cropping), and it was positively related to the planting time of garlic, with the maximum at 140 d, and W1G1(planting garlic 14 days earlier before cropping wheat), W2G2(cropping garlic and wheat at the same date) and W3G3(intercropping garlic 14 days later after sowing wheat) increased by 83.64%, 64.21% and 44.94% respectively. The fungi number of control and treatment increased gradually with the growth period, but the number of fungi of wheat-garlic intercropping in the same period was lower than that of wheat single cropping, and the length of garlic planting was negatively correlated with the number of fungi. The change of nitrifying bacteria and ammoniated bacteria was similar, and with the prolongation of treatment time, the change trend of the single peak was increased first and then decreased, the difference between control and treatments reached extremely significant(P<0.01) level, while the treatments were at significant(P<0.05) level, with all the maximum value at 120 d, then the index began to decrease. During the intercropping period of garlic, the changes of the activity of phosphatase and urease in the rhizosphere soil of the control and treatment of wheat were the same, all increased with the growth period, and the activity of W1G1, W2G2, W3G3 phosphatase and urease increased by 27.59%, 23.45%, 20.69% and 30.56%, 27.78% and 16.67%, respectively at 160 d. Within 140 d, the activity of catalase increased with the prolongation of the growth period, reached the maximum at 140 d, and then began to decrease. When at 80, 100, 120, 140 d and 160 d, W1G1 increased by 18.19%, 29.21%, 40.51%, 48.78% and 62.71% respectively. It could be seen that the earlier the period of interplanting garlic, the more bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and ammoniated bacteria in wheat rhizosphere, the lower the number of fungi, the higher the activity of phosphatase, urease and catalase, the more beneficial to the improvement of wheat rhizosphere microenvironment and the higher yield in the later period of wheat. |
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