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| 长期定位施肥和地膜覆盖对棕壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳含量的影响 |
| Effects of Long-term Fertilization and Plastic-mulching on the Stability and Organic Carbon Contents of Brown Soil Aggregates |
| 投稿时间：2017-08-01 修订日期：2017-09-25 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2017.0199 |
| 中文关键词: 长期施肥，地膜覆盖，水稳性团聚体，有机碳 |
| 英文关键词: long-term fertilization, plastic-mulching, water-stable aggregates, organic carbon |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31330011，41671293） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以沈阳农业大学长期定位试验（29年）不同施肥与地膜覆盖处理棕壤为研究对象，采用湿筛方法，研究了覆膜和不覆膜条件下不同施肥措施对棕壤各粒级团聚体分布及其有机碳含量的影响，为揭示施肥措施对土壤地力形成演变的影响机制提供理论基础。选取的试验处理包括：不施肥对照（CK）、单施高量氮肥（N4）、氮磷肥配施（N4P2）、单施高量有机肥（M4）、有机-氮肥配施（M2N2）、有机-氮磷肥配施（M4N2P1）以及所有相对应的覆膜处理。结果表明，连续29年的不同施肥和覆膜处理显著影响了土壤团聚体的含量、稳定性及团聚体有机碳的含量。不覆膜条件下，长期施肥处理使>2 mm团聚体的含量显著增加，而0.25~2 mm粒级团聚体含量显著下降，其中有机肥和氮磷肥处理变幅最大。有机肥的施入（M4、M2N2、M4N2P1）均显著增加了不覆膜土壤各粒级团聚体的有机碳含量，且单施有机肥能显著增加不覆膜土壤团聚体平均重量直径，说明长期有机物料投入有利于增加土壤团聚体的稳定性及有机碳在团聚体中的固持。覆膜条件下，各施肥处理也显著影响土壤团聚体的稳定性及有机碳含量，但是不同施肥处理之间的差异变小，说明相同施肥模式下覆膜与不覆膜处理对土壤团聚体的形成和稳定性会产生不同的影响。覆膜条件下，与对照相比，只有高量有机肥（M4和M4N2P1）处理能显著增加土壤团聚体的平均重量直径和各粒级团聚体有机碳含量，说明在覆膜条件下，需要投入更多的有机物质才能维持土壤团聚体的稳定性及较高的有机碳含量。不同施肥和覆膜处理下，氮磷肥配施可以显著提高土壤团聚体的平均重量直径，但对团聚体有机碳含量的影响表现为显著降低或不显著。各处理土壤中水稳性大团聚体是土壤有机碳的主要载体，施用有机肥及有机无机配施有利于促进土壤各粒级水稳性团聚体的有机碳含量，是改善土壤团聚体结构、维持和提高棕壤地力的有效措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we examined the effects of fertilization and plastic-film mulching on aggregate stability and organic C in aggregates of a brown soil based on a long-term(29 years) field experiment. Fertilization treatments included application of manure(M4), application of nitrogen(N4), combined application of manure and nitrogen(M2N2), combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus(N4P2), combined application of manure, nitrogen and phosphorus(M4N2P1), and no fertilization(CK). Each treatment was either carried out alone or combined with plastic-film mulching. Results showed that long-term fertilization significantly increased the percentage of >2 mm aggregates while significantly decreased that of 0.25~2 mm aggregates when there was no film mulching, especially under application of manure as well as under application of nitrogen and phosphorus. Manure treatments(M4, M2N2, M4N2P1) significantly increased soil organic C in all aggregates without film mulching. Application of manure alone also significantly increased the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates without film mulching. These results suggested that long-term manure application increased organic C sequestration in soil aggregates as well as aggregate stability. The fertilization treatment also significantly affected the stability of soil aggregates and the contents of organic C when there was film mulching, and compared with the control, only the high amount of manure(M4 and M4N2P1) treatment could significantly increase the average weight diameter of soil aggregates and the organic C contents of aggregates at all levels. These results suggested that in the film mulching, the need to put more organic matter in order to maintain the stability of soil aggregates and higher organic C contents. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers could significantly improve the average weight diameter of soil aggregates in different fertilizations and film treatments, but the effects on the organic carbon contents of aggregates were significantly decreased or not significant. Water-stable large aggregates are the main carriers of soil organic C in soil treatments, the application of manure, organic and inorganic combination is beneficial to promote the formation of water-stable aggregates and increase the organic C contents and it is an effective measure to improve the soil aggregate structure and maintain and improve the soil fertility of brown soil. |
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