|
| 多年采用不同捡拾方式对地膜残留系数及玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of Adopting Different Kinds of Collecting Method for Years on Film Residual Coefficient and Maize Yields |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-09 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2016.0190 |
| 中文关键词: 不同捡拾方式，地膜残留量，残留系数，玉米，绿洲灌区 |
| 英文关键词: different kinds of collecting method, plastic film residues, residual coefficient, crop, oasis irrigated area |
| 基金项目:甘肃省国际科技合作专项（1504WKCA077）；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目（144NKCA053）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（20100314-7） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 2526 |
| 全文下载次数: 2133 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 随着地膜用量和覆盖面积的不断增加，在作物产量提高的同时，田间残膜残留量也随之增加，加剧了农业地膜污染。本论文以连续4年（2011-2014）长期定位试验为依托，探明完全捡拾、常规捡拾及不捡拾3个处理对地膜残留量、残留系数及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：0~10 cm土层地膜残留最多，不捡拾处理残膜量显著高于常规捡拾，完全捡拾与常规捡拾差异不显著；10~20 cm土层地膜残留量其次，不捡拾处理残膜量与常规捡拾差异不显著，完全捡拾则显著少于常规捡拾；20~30 cm土层地膜残留最少，处理间差异不显著；0~30 cm土层，完全捡拾处理下，面积>25 cm2、4~25 cm2中大块残膜片数显著少于常规捡拾和不捡拾处理，而面积<4 cm2残膜片数与常规捡拾和不捡拾差异不显著；2014年玉米收获后，常规捡拾、完全捡拾及不捡拾处理下地膜残留量分别为80.85、52.71 kg·hm-2及152.65 kg·hm-2，地膜残留系数分别为8.53%、-9.45%及54.42%；3种捡拾处理对玉米茎粗、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数及百粒重均有影响，随捡拾度增加，各指标均呈增加趋势；与常规捡拾相比，不捡拾处理下4年平均减产15.08%，完全捡拾处理下平均增产4.70%。综合分析不同捡拾方式对地膜残留量、残留系数及玉米产量的影响，建议在没有适宜的残膜回收机械的情况下，应采用农民常规捡拾方式，但从长远发展来看，须尽快研发推广适宜的残膜回收机械。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Wide usage of mulching technology has increased crop yields, but the large amounts of mulching film residue resulting from widespread use of plastic film in China has brought about a series of pollution hazards. Based on a 4-year (2011-2014) long-term experiment, the effects of different kinds of collecting mothod (zero plastic film residues, conventional plastic film residues, whole plastic film residues remainded) on plastic film residues, residual coefficient and maize yield were explored. Plastic film residues mainly remained in 0~10 cm, 10~20 cm soil layers. In 0~30 cm soil layers, the two types of mulch residues (>25 cm2, 4~25 cm2) under zero plastic film residues treatment were much less than conventional plastic film residues and whole plastic film residues remainded treatments, no significant differences were observed in the mulch residues (<4 cm2) among 3 treatments. After maize harvest, the amount of plastic film residues under zero plastic film residues, conventional plastic film residues and whole plastic film residues remainded treatments were 52.71, 80.85 kg·hm-2 and 152.65 kg·hm-2, respectively, the residual coefficient for zero plastic film residues, conventional plastic film residues and whole plastic film residues remainded treatments were -9.45%, 8.53% and 54.42%, respectively. The stem diameter, ear length, ear width, ear row number, grain number per row and 100-grain weight of maize decreased with the increase of residual film amount. Compared with the conventional plastic film residues, the mean grain yield of whole plastic film residues remainded treatment decreased by 15.08%, whereas the zero plastic film residues treatment increased by 4.70%. The plastic film residues, residual coefficient and maize yield were comprehensively analyzed, the conventional plastic film residues practice should be adopted currently without appropriate plastic film residues collector. But from the long-term development, we should speed up the research, development and application of plastic film residue collector. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
