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| 江苏省小麦秸秆养分垂直分布特征与不同茬高下麦秸养分归还量估算 |
| Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Nutrient and Nutrient-Returning Amount of Wheat Straw Under Different Stubble Heights in Jiangsu Province, China |
| 投稿时间：2015-07-03 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0166 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 秸秆养分 留茬高度 秸秆还田 |
| 英文关键词: wheat straw nutrient stubble height straw retuning |
| 基金项目:江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[cx(12)1002];水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09);江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2012438) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 顾克军 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 顾东祥 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 张斯梅 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 张传辉 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 石祖梁 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 许博 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 杨四军 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 | | 常志州 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210014 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确小麦植株不同层次的秸秆养分特征,科学估算不同留茬高度下麦秸养分还田量,通过采集江苏省生产上主推的9个春性品种和16个半冬性小麦品种植株,用分层切断法,将秸秆从基部向上依次截取4段长度为5 cm的秸秆,剩余部分为第5段(分别用0~5、5~10、10~15、15~20 cm和>20 cm表示5段秸秆),对穗部单独进行脱粒处理获取颖壳与穗轴,对植株各部分秸秆分别进行烘干称重,并进行养分分析。结果表明:在基部0~20 cm范围内,4个层次秸秆干重占植株秸秆干重的比例都表现为半冬性品种大于春性品种,20 cm以上部分则相反;在同一空间层次上,春性品种的秸秆氮(N)与磷(P)含量高于半冬性品种,而秸秆钾(K)含量低于半冬性品种;春性小麦品种秸秆N与P含量都呈现出从基部向顶部依次递减的趋势,半冬性小麦品种从基部向上秸秆N含量变化不大,而P含量呈“U”型变化,两类品种秸秆K含量都表现为从基部向顶部依次增加的趋势。在留茬10~20 cm且秸秆还田量大致相同的情况下,与春性品种相比,半冬性品种秸秆N归还量高23.4%~26.9%,秸秆P归还量高16.7%~30.8%,而秸秆K归还量低20.4%~25.9%。江苏省小麦秸秆N、P、K总量分别为10.20×104、1.16×104 t和19.52×104 t,在留茬15 cm高时,小麦秸秆N、P、K养分归还量分别为4.90×104、0.56×104 t和8.47×104 t。江苏省2种类型小麦品种秸秆养分含量不同,在麦秸还田后不同麦区的养分管理策略应有所不同。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to estimate the nutrient-returning amount of wheat straw under different stubble heights, 25 leading wheat varieties in Jiangsu Province, including 9 spring wheat varieties and 16 semi-winter wheat varieties, were investigated. Wheat stalks below spike were cut into 5 parts from the basal node, and the first 4 parts had 5 cm length each, marked with 0~5, 5~10, 10~15, 15~20, >20 cm, respectively. Hull and rachis from wheat spikes were sampled as the sixth part. Each part of wheat straw was dried and weighed, and then the nutrient contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were measured. The results showed that the proportion of the first section of straw to the whole wheat straw in biomass of semi-winter wheat was higher than that of spring wheat. The similar results were also achieved from the second to the fourth part of straw. However, the proportion of the fifth part (>20 cm) to the whole wheat straw in biomass of semi-winter wheat was lower than that of spring wheat. N and P contents of spring wheat straw were much higher than those of semi-winter wheat at the same layer, whereas, K contents was lower than that of semi-winter wheat. Additionally, the N and P contents of straw decreased gradually from the base to the top of the plant in spring wheat, while the N contents had a slight change and the P contents showed a shape of “U” in semi-winter wheat. K contents of straw from the base to the top of the plant increased gradually in both two ecological types of wheat. Compared with spring wheat, the returning quantity of N and P of semi-winter wheat straw increased by 23.4%~26.9% and 16.7%~30.8%, respectively, but the K nutrient return decreased by 20.4%~25.9%, with the same amount of straw return when the stubble height left in field was 10~20 cm. The total nutrients of N, P and K of wheat straw in Jiangsu Province were 10.20×104, 1.16×104 t and 19.52×104 t, respectively. The nutrients return of N, P and K were 4.90×104, 0.56×104 t and 8.47×104 t, respectively when the stubble height left in field was 15 cm. Two eco-types of wheat varieties differed in nutrient contents of straw, thus different management strategies of wheat straw nutrient-returning should be adopted in different regions of Jiangsu Province. |
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