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| 茭白-鸭共作系统中氮平衡及经济效益分析 |
| Nitrogen Balance and Economic Benefit in Zizania latifolia-Duck Mutual Ecosystem |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-29 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0029 |
| 中文关键词: 茭白-鸭共作系统 氮平衡 经济效益 |
| 英文关键词: Zizania latifolia-duck mutual ecosystem N balance economic benefit |
| 基金项目:江苏省自主创新资金项目(CX13(3048));江苏省农业支撑计划项目(BE2014360); 江苏省水产三新工程项目(Y2013-28) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 张家宏 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 王桂良 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 王守红 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 寇祥明 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 杨建春 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 徐荣 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 朱凌宇 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 韩光明 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 毕建花 | 江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心, 江苏 扬州 225007 | | 唐鹤军 | 扬州龙兴生态农业发展有限公司, 江苏 扬州 225007 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 分析了单作茭白(CK)、茭白田放养鸭20只·667 m-2(D20)、25只·667 m-2(D25)、30只·667 m-2(D30)等不同共作系统中氮素输入、输出与盈余(盈余=输入-输出),以及经济效益情况。结果表明:茭白-鸭共作系统中茭白平均产量为1 332.41 kg·667 m-2,比单作茭白增产26.31%。单作茭白总氮输入为22.27 kg N·667 m-2,其中化肥氮输入占到89.10%,产品氮输出为5.00 kg N·667 m-2,占总氮输入的22.45%,氮盈余为17.27 kg N·667 m-2,占总氮输入的77.55%,土壤氮残留为7.11 kg N·667 m-2,损失为10.16 kg N·667 m-2;茭白-鸭共作系统总氮输入平均为23.72 kg N·667 m-2,其中化肥氮输入占65.13%,产品氮输出平均为7.65 kg N·667 m-2,占总氮输入的32.24%,氮盈余平均为16.07 kg N·667 m-2,占总氮输入的67.76%,土壤氮残留为7.18 kg N·667 m-2,损失为8.89 kg N·667 m-2。茭白-鸭共作系统投入成本平均为3 114 元·667 m-2,比单作茭白高84.59%,主要是鸭饲料、围网、鸭舍等成本增加。茭白-鸭共作系统产品产值平均为6 568 元·667 m-2,比单作茭白高55.64%。D25处理经济效益(经济效益=产品产值-投入成本)最高为3 589 元·667 m-2,比CK处理高41.69%。综合考虑氮平衡和经济效益,本试验条件下,茭白田放养鸭25只·667 m-2的共作系统的经济效益较高,并且氮素盈余和损失较少,可降低对环境的污染风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Nitrogen (N) input, N output, N surplus (N surplus=N input-N output), and economic benefit under different ecological systems were analyzed, including Zizania latifolia monoculture ecosystem and three Zizania latifolia-duck mutual ecosystems such as with 20 ducks per 667 m2 (D20), 25 ducks per 667 m2 (D25) and 30 ducks per 667 m2 (D30). The results showed that the average yield of Zizania latifolia for three mutual ecosystems was 1 332.41 kg·667 m-2, 26.31% higher than that for monoculture ecosystem. For Zizania latifolia monoculture ecosystem, total N input was 22.27 kg N·667 m-2, and chemical fertilizer N was accounted for 89.10%, the N output by the harvest was 5.00 kg N·667 m-2, 22.45% of total N input, N surplus was 17.27 kg N·667 m-2, 77.55% of total N input. For three mutual ecosystems, the average total N input was 23.72 kg N·667 m-2, and chemical fertilizer N was accounted for 65.13%, the average N output by the harvest of Zizania latifolia and duck mutual ecosystem was 7.65 kg N·667 m-2, 32.24% of total N input, the average N surplus was 16.07 kg N·667 m-2, 67.76% of total N input. Because of the costs of duck feed, fence and duck shed, the average input cost for three Zizania latifolia-duck mutual cosystems was 3 114 yuan·667 m-2, 84.59% higher than that for Zizania latifolia monoculture ecosystem. The average economic income for three Zizania latifolia-duck mutual ecosystems was 6 568 yuan·667 m-2, 55.64% higher than that for Zizania latifolia monoculture ecosystem. For D25 treatment, the economic benefit (economic benefit=economic income-input cost) was the highest as 3 589 yuan·667 m-2, 41.69% higher than that for Zizania latifolia monoculture ecosystem. In view of N balance and economic benefit, Zizania latifolia-duck mutual ecosystem with 25 ducks per 667 m2 had lower N surplus with less environmental risk, and higher economic benefit. |
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