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| Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China |
| Received:December 06, 2022 Revised:March 17, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:open-field tomatoes;facility-grown tomatoes;greenhouse gas emissions;environmental assessment;spatial differences |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | CHU Xialing | Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Vegetable Technology Research/Guangzhou Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Vegetable Basket Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China | | ZHENG Linxiu | Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Vegetable Technology Research/Guangzhou Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Vegetable Basket Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China | | YE Gaosong | Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Vegetable Technology Research/Guangzhou Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Vegetable Basket Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China | | CHEN Junqiu | Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Vegetable Technology Research/Guangzhou Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Vegetable Basket Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To compare the differences in the greenhouse gas emissions between tomato production in different cultivation modes(openfield and facility) and different provinces in China, based on the life cycle assessment method and following the comprehensive loop path of farmland ecosystem, as well as utilizing the data of the National Collection of Cost Benefit of Agricultural Products in 2020, this study comparatively analyzed the greenhouse gas emissions and carbon assessment indicators of the open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China. The results showed that the average greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China were 4 630.09 kg CO2e·hm-2 and 8 697.52 kg CO2e·hm-2, respectively, whereas that of the facility-grown tomatoes was 87.85% higher than that of open-field tomatoes. In open-field tomato production, the main contributor of greenhouse gas emissions was chemical fertilizer, whereas, for facility-grown tomatoes, the main contributors were agricultural film and chemical fertilizer. The net greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field tomatoes were negative, and the carbon ecological efficiency was greater than one, which demonstrated that open-field tomato production had a positive externality. However, the net greenhouse gas emission of the facilitygrown tomatoes was positive, and the carbon ecological efficiency was less than one, which meant that the facility-grown tomato production had a negative environmental externality. Regarding land carbon intensity, carbon production efficiency, and carbon economic efficiency, the sustainability of facility-grown tomato production was lower than that of open-field tomato production. The greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field and facility-grown tomato productions in different provinces were 2 849.24-7 524.61 kg CO2e·hm-2 and 5 788.83-13 779.69 kg CO2e·hm-2, respectively. The highest value was 2.64 times and 2.38 times the lowest value, respectively. There were significant provincial differences in the greenhouse gas emissions, main contributors, carbon fixation, carbon ecological efficiency, carbon production efficiency, and carbon economic efficiency of tomato production in the open-field and facility-grown systems. The greenhouse gas emissions of tomato production in China demonstrated significant differences in different cultivation methods and various provinces. In open-field tomato production, the amount of chemical fertilizer should be optimized and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer should be improved; for facility-grown tomato production, in addition to reducing the use of fertilizer, we should promote the use of thickened agricultural film and increase the recovery of agricultural film to reduce the amount of agricultural film. For provinces with low carbon ecological efficiency and economic efficiency, we should focus on industrial structure and production mode adjustment. For provinces with a low carbon ecological efficiency but high carbon economic efficiency, we should pay attention to the development of green production technologies, and realize the potential of energy conservation and emission reductions. For provinces with a high carbon ecological efficiency but low carbon economic efficiency, we should pay attention to brand building to improve prices and benefits. Provinces with high carbon ecological efficiency and economic efficiency should be prioritized as dominant tomato production areas. |
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