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| Investigation of Cd enrichment capacity and remediation potential of wild plants including Ammannia baccifera L. in Cd-contaminated farmland soil |
| Received:November 08, 2022 Revised:January 16, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:phytoremediation;contaminated farmland;removal of heavy metal;hyperaccumulator;field screening |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Jinshan | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | LUO Xiaosan | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | xsluo@nuist.edu.cn | | ZHANG Xinyue | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | CHEN Zhihuai | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | TONG Xin | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | LI Ping | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | LIU Xin | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | | JIANG Haibo | Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Nanjing 210036, China | | | QIU Dan | Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Nanjing 210036, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To find plant resources to highly accumulate heavy metals from the natural environment, this study investigated the distribution of wild plants in cadmium(Cd) -contaminated farmland soil of Jiangsu Province, analyzed Cd concentrations in the rhizospheric soil and aboveground biomass of 19 plants via paired sampling and compared Cd accumulations in five plant organs(roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits). Results showed that the Cd concentrations ranged from 1.72 mg·kg-1 to 16.5 mg·kg-1 in the soil and from 1.20 mg·kg-1 to 43.2 mg·kg-1 in the aboveground biomass. The bioconcentration factor of Cd(BCFCd), a characteristic parameter stably indicating the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals from soil, exceeded unity for eleven plants, while the root-to-aboveground transport factor of Cd(TFCd) exceeded unity for eight plants. Both BCFCd and TFCd exceeded unity for six plants, showing the characteristics of the heavy metal hyperaccumulators. The BCFCd and TFCd values showed difference among the five organs of the 19 plants. The highest and lowest BCFCd in roots belonged to Ammannia baccifera L. (6.50) and Daucus carota L. (0.23), respectively. In stems, the highest BCFCd and TFCd belonged to A. baccifera L. (18.7 and 2.87, respectively), whereas the lowest BCFCd and TFCd belonged to D. carota L. (0.20) and Carduus nutans L. (0.44), respectively. In leaves, the highest BCFCd and TFCd occurred in Lactuca indica L.(5.44) and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.(3.03), respectively, whereas the lowest BCFCd and TFCd occurred in D. carota L.(0.33) and Erigeron annuus(L.) Pers.(0.84), respectively. In flowers, the maximum BCFCd and TFCd belonged to Cyperus iria L. (5.17) and D. carota L. (1.08), respectively, whereas the minimum BCFCd and TFCd belonged to E. annuus(L.) Pers. (0.24) and C. nutans L. (0.26), respectively. In fruits, the maximum BCFCd and TFCd occurred in A. baccifera L.(22.6 and 3.47, respectively), whereas the minimum BCFCd and TFCd occurred in Rumex dentatus L.(2.12 and 0.56, respectively). The aboveground biomass of A. baccifera L., C. iria L., Celosia argentea L., and P. acinosa Roxb. exhibited the highest Cd accumulations of 43.2, 28.1, 22.7 mg·kg-1, and 20.7 mg·kg-1, respectively. Taking into account the biomass, A. baccifera L., R. dentatus L., C. iria L., and L. indica L. show the greatest potential for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated farmland soil, which warrants further study. |
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