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| Single and joint toxicity of hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD）and Cu2+ on marine Chlorella salina |
| Received:December 15, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:hexabromocyclododecane;copper;Chlorella salina;acute toxicity;joint toxicity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LAI Lihua | Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China | | | TIAN Fei | Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China | | | XIONG Qian | Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China | | | WANG Xuefeng | College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China | | | YE Guoling | Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China | | | CHEN Haigang | Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of South China Sea Fishery Resource and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem, Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China | hgchenes@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the toxic effects of a typical brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane（HBCD）and heavy metal Cu2+ , Chlorella salina was exposed to HBCD and Cu2+ treatments separately and in combination for 96 h, respectively. The cell density, chlorophyll a（Chl a）content, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters（Fv / Fm and ΦPS Ⅱ）of C. salina were measured. The results showed that the cell density of C. salina in the HBCD treatment group decreased significantly compared with that in the control group; the inhibition rate of 500 μg·L-1 in the HBCD treatment group was the highest（32.99%）, while the content of Chl a and Fv/Fm were not significantly different from those in the control group. In the Cu2+ treatment group, the 96 h-EC50 was 637 μg·L-1（ cell density）and 541 μg· L-1（Chl a content）, respectively. The sensitivity of Chl a content to Cu2+ was higher compared to cell density. Although significant inhibition and concentration-related effects were observed on the growth of C. salina in the Cu2+ treatment group, its growth in the Cu2+ treatment was decreased by 24.24% and 32.32%, in the presence of Fv/Fm concentrations of 1 260 μg·L-1 and 2 000 μg·L-1, respectively. Under the combined exposure of HBCD and Cu2+, the inhibition rate of cell density and Chl a content of C. salina increased, while the inhibition rate of Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡ were lower than those of cells exposed to Cu2+ separately. Based on the cell density, the 96 h EC10 and EC50 values were calculated; these decreased significantly with the increase in HBCD concentration. Factorial analysis showed that the combined exposure of HBCD and Cu2+ had an interactive effect on C. salina and HBCD increased the toxicity of Cu2+ to C. salina. This study showed that HBCD exhibits low toxicity to C. salina, while the toxicity of Cu2+ was significantly enhanced with the combined exposure of low concentrations of HBCD and Cu2+. Therefore, the combined effect of HBCD and Cu2+ in the environment poses a great potential risk to marine ecosystems. |
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