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| Changes in carbon， nitrogen， and microorganisms in pig manure and chicken manure after conversion by black soldier fly larvae |
| Received:December 16, 2022 Revised:March 06, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:black soldier fly;pig manure;chicken manure;bacterial community;carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | MA Ye | College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
Tianjin Nongken Bohai Agricultural Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301800, China | | | WU Nan | College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China | | | WANG Xiaobo | College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
Tianjin Nongken Bohai Agricultural Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301800, China | | | LIANG Jiaqi | College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China | | | XU Xiaoyan | College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
Tianjin Nongken Bohai Agricultural Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301800, China | xuxy6699@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the changes in carbon, nitrogen, and microbial community structure in livestock and poultry manure before and after black soldier fly larvae（BSFL）transformation, 7-day-old BSFL were used to transform pig manure and chicken manure. The related indices of carbon and nitrogen and Illumina high-throughput sequencing data were determined before and after transformation. Results showed that the conversion rates of pig manure and chicken manure by the BSFL were 8.36% and 10.42%, respectively. Organic carbon and the carbon-nitrogen ratio（C/N）increased by 5.86% and 47.64%, respectively, after the conversion of pig manure, whereas organic carbon and C/N decreased by 11.67% and 4.68%, after the conversion of chicken manure. Dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen contents were significantly reduced in both types of manure. After transformation, 18.93% and 10.49% of carbon and 31.42% and 32.58% of nitrogen in pig manure and chicken manure, respectively, were absorbed and utilized by the BSFL, while 74.83% and 57.43% of carbon and 43.71% and 60.25% of nitrogen were retained in the BSFL frass. Compared with fresh pig and chicken manure, the microbial community structure of the BSFL frass was changed substantially, with a significant increase in bacterial richness and diversity. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in the pig manure, chicken manure, and the BSFL frass. After BSFL transformation, the bacterial community structure in the frass evolved to favor those that were better at protein and fat degradation. The abundance of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the BSFL frass sourced from transformed chicken manure was higher than that in fresh chicken manure, predominantly comprising Firmicutes. The abundance of cellulose-decomposing bacteria belonging to Firmicutes in the BSFL frass sourced from pig manure decreased, whereas the abundance of lignin-degrading bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria increased. PICRUSt prediction analysis showed that the abundance of functional genes for ABC transport, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was highest in the two groups of the BSFL frass, and the abundance of metabolic genes in frass from chicken manure was higher than that from pig manure. These results suggested that the transformation efficiency of chicken manure by the BSFL was higher than that of pig manure. After transformation, most of the carbon and nitrogen in the pig manure and chicken manure were transferred to the BSFL frass, some transferred to insect bodies, and some was lost. Carbon loss was greater in chicken manure than in pig manure, whereas nitrogen loss was greater in pig manure than in chicken manure. Organic carbon and C / N ratios increased after the transformation of pig manure, whereas they decreased after the transformation of chicken manure. Dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen content decreased in both types of manure. BSFL transformation significantly changed the microbial community structures of pig and chicken manures, increased the abundance of organic-degrading bacteria, and enhanced the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of microorganisms in the manure. |
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