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| Monitoring of ammonia emissions from an intensive dairy farm in the Yangtze River Delta during typical seasons |
| Received:September 03, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:ammonia emission;emission factor;production stage;emission inventory;influencing factor;intensive dairy farm;online monitoring |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | NI Yuanzhi | State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China | | | XU Chang | State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China | xuc@saes.sh.cn | | SHEN Genxiang | State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To accurately evaluate the quantity and characteristics of ammonia emissions from the dairy and beef production farm in the Yangtze River Delta（Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai）, and obtain localized ammonia emission factors for large-scale cattle farms, this study established an in-site ammonia monitoring system with high-resolution online sensors in a typical dairy farm in Jinshan district, Shanghai. Yearly monitoring of indoor ammonia concentration was carried out across three key production stages（i.e., shed breeding, feces composting, and sewage storage）. Results showed that the average atmospheric NH3 concentrations in breeding shed, composting shed, and sewage storage tank per year were（2.53±0.88）,（2.68±1.72）mg·m-3, and（2.44±1.73）mg·m-3, respectively. Generally, atmospheric NH3 concentrations exhibited a seasonal trend in this order：summer>autumn>spring>winter. The diurnal variation in ammonia emissions at each production stage differed significantly and was mainly affected by meteorological changes, livestock activities, and manure management. Overall, temperature was the main meteorological factor that determined the ammonia emission level of dairy production. It exhibited a significantly positive correlation with indoor ammonia concentration levels in all the monitored sheds. The correlation coefficients reached 0.914, 0.817, and 0.942 for the animal sheds, composting sheds, and sewage storage tanks, respectively. In contrast, wind speed and atmospheric pressure showed negative correlations with the overall ammonia emission level. The monitored annual ammonia emission for all stages was 30.57 kg·head-1·a-1 in total, of which shed breeding, fecal composting, and sewage storage accounted for 43.0%（3.14 ±5.17 kg · head-1 · a-1）, 25.2%（7.71 ±5.17 kg · head-1 · a-1）, and 31.8%（9.72 ±4.47 kg · head-1 · a-1）, respectively. We established an ammonia emission inventory for large-scale cattle farms in the Yangtze River Delta based on the ammonia emission factors measured in this study. In 2018, the total ammonia emissions released by large-scale dairy and beef farm in the Yangtze River Delta was 3.39×104 t·a-1 and geographically concentrated in areas with large-scale intensive livestock production industry, including central and northern Anhui Province and northern Jiangsu Province. During summer, the total ammonia emission and intensity were higher than all the other monitored seasons, reaching 1.36×104 t and 151 t·d-1, which were approximately more than three times that of the winter. |
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