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| Degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using persulfate activated by nano-Fe3O4/biochar composites |
| Received:September 22, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;iron;persulfate;tetracycline hydrochloride;oxidative degradation;free radicals |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LIU Cuiying | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | ZHENG Jinjin | School of Changwang, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | SONG Liying | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | ZENG Tao | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China | | FAN Jianling | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China |
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| Abstract: |
| To identify an economical, effective, and environmentally friendly free radical activator that can stimulate the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants with persulfate（PS）, nano-Fe3O4/biochar（BC）composites were prepared, characterized, and tested for their ability to stimulate PS to oxidize tetracycline hydrochloride（TCH）in water. The results showed that the three mass ratios（1∶4, 1∶2 and 1∶1）of the nano-Fe3O4/BC composites could all stimulate PS to oxidize TCH effectively. After 4 h of degradation, the concentrations of TCH were reduced by 80.1%, 82.5%, and 86.5% for the treatments of 1∶4, 1∶2 and 1∶1 of nano-Fe3O4/BC composites, respectively, while the treatments of single nano-Fe3O4 and single BC only reduced the TCH concentrations by 67.7% and 61.8%, respectively. The presence of HCO3- and H2PO4- significantly inhibited the degradation of TCH, with HCO3- having a stronger inhibitory effect than that of H2PO4-, but the presence of HCO3- and H2PO4- accelerated the degradation of TCH. The results from the scavenging experiment and EPR measurement showed that 1O2 was the main active substance, followed by ·OH. When reused for the third time, the removal rates of TCH by the 1∶4, 1∶2 and 1∶1 nano-Fe3O4/BC composite treatments were still higher than 70%. Therefore, nano-Fe3O4/BC composite material is a potential PS activator that can achieve rapid oxidative degradation of TCH. |
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