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| Opportunities and challenges in a livestock manure cleaner composting process |
| Received:October 02, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:intensive livestock farm;livestock manure;cleaner composting process;opportunities;challenges |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIAO Minna | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | REN Xiuna | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | HE Yifeng | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | WANG Quan | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | LI Ronghua | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | LI Ji | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China | | | ZHANG Zengqiang | College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | zhangzq58@126.com |
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| Abstract: |
| Aerobic composting technology is one of the most effective tools for tackling large amounts of livestock manure; otherwise, environmental contamination may occur from releasing organic solid waste directly into habitats. However, traditional aerophilic fermentation is faced with many challenges, such as large emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases, high heavy metal bioavailability, low humification, and pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics, and antibiotics resistance gene residuals that limit the development of aerobic fermentation industrialization. A cleaner aerobic fermentation process was established to reduce the risk and quality of organic solid wastes. The cleaner composting should pick up environmental-friendly materials, while controlling the emission of pollutants during the composting process. Therefore, free-hazardous composting products could be manufactured. This review focused on the contemporary characteristics of the livestock industry and the status of livestock manure, and the opportunities and challenges of traditional composting procedure were analyzed to provide theoretical support for the development of resourceful livestock utilization. |
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