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| Pollution characteristics and dietary intake risk assessment of pesticides and heavy metals in tomato samples in Shanxi Province， China |
| Received:February 21, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:tomato;pesticide residue;heavy metal;pollution characteristic;risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | MA Xinyao | Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China | | | WANG Jing | Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China | | | ZHU Jiusheng | Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China | zjs5963@163.com | | LI Wei | Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aims to explore the pollution characteristics and dietary intake risk of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）in tomato samples collected from primary producing regions in Shanxi Province. The quantitative detection of 70 kinds of pesticide residues in 60 tomato samples randomly collected was carried out using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument and a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry instrument. The lead and cadmium contents were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The residual characteristics of the two pollutants were analyzed according to the test results. The safety status of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）detected in the tomato samples was evaluated by the Food Standards Agency risk ranking system and the food safety indexes（IFS）method. Results showed that 73.3% of the samples were positive, with residues of 19 pesticides detected（including 12 fungicides, 6 insecticides, and 1 plant growth regulator）above the detection limit. The most frequently found pesticide residues were fungicides and insecticides, accounting for 63.2% and 31.6%, respectively. The fungicide most detected was procymidone, with a detection rate of 40.0%, while the insecticide was acetamiprid with 8.3%. The detected pesticides included one pesticide prohibited in vegetables, two pesticides not registered on tomato, and three pesticides not established maximum residue limits. 9 samples contained 3 or more pesticide residues, accounting for 20.5% of the detected samples. There were regional differences in the types and quantities of pesticide residues in tomatoes. The pesticide risk ranking results demonstrated that the pesticide rate at high -, medium -, and low-risk levels were 5.3%, 15.8%, and 78.9%, respectively; the highest pesticide risk was omethoate. Based on the evaluation results of the pesticide residue safety index, this study found IFS were all less than one, indicating that dietary intake risk was at an acceptable level. The detection rates of lead and cadmium from detectable tomato samples were 53.3% and 100.0%, respectively. The average lead and cadmium levels were both lower than the national limits for food contaminants. The evaluation results of the lead and cadmium safety index also indicated that the overall levels of lead and cadmium residues were safe. In short, the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metals（lead and cadmium）in this study are within an acceptable range, indicating the quality and safety of tomatoes are suitable. |
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