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| Characteristics and affecting factors of heavy metals content in greenhouse vegetable soils in China |
| Received:September 17, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:greenhouse vegetable;soil;heavy metal;planting years;fertilizer inputs |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIA Li | Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation & Experiment of Alpine Forest Ecology System in Nyingchi Tibet, Nyingchi 860000, China
Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China | | | QIAO Yu-hui | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | CHEN Qing | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | LI Hua-fen | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | SHAO Xiao-ming | Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | | | MA He-ping | Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation & Experiment of Alpine Forest Ecology System in Nyingchi Tibet, Nyingchi 860000, China
Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China | 285477889@qq.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To quantitatively explore the effects of heavy metal accumulation and the potential corresponding factors(e.g., planting years, DOC, and TN etc.), the nationwide 401 sets of data from literatures and 548 soil samples, the Huang-Huai-Hai and Bohai Rim region 233 sets of data from literatures and 310 soil samples were collected and analyzed. Results showed that in the nationwide, the content of soil Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Ni from literatures was 0.32, 24.9, 8.45, 83.6, 0.05, 29.9, 70.7, and 27.4 mg·kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, compared with Chinese Soil Quality Criterion(GB 15618-2018), about 30.5%, 9.8%, 7.2%, 4.8%, 4.7%, and 3.7% of total soil samples exceeded the threshold of Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, As. The content of soil Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Ni from collected soil samples was 0.13, 21.9, 6.48, 41.9, 0.09, 23.6, 72.1, 21.4 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the ratios of exceeding threshold were 5.3%, 1.8%, 1.6%, 0.9%, 0.6%, and 0.6% for Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Pb, Cr respectively. In the Huang-Huai-Hai and Bohai Rim region, the content of soil Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Ni from literatures was 0.30, 25.9, 8.56, 67.1, 0.08, 33.3, 79.1, and 32.5 mg·kg-1, respectively. Furthermore, compared with Chinese Soil Quality Criterion(GB 15618-2018), about 25%, 10.4%, 9.9%, 6.3%, 2.2%, and 2.1% of total soil samples exceeded the threshold of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, As. The content of soil Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, and Ni from collected soil samples was 0.13, 22.8, 5.93, 43.5, 0.08, 23.1, 69.3, 19.4 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the ratios of exceeding threshold were 3.1%, 2.1%, 2.0%, 1.2%, 0.6%, and 0.5% for Cd, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Zn respectively. However, both Hg and Ni from literature data and soil samples did not exceed the standard. The contents of Cd, As, Cu and Zn in soil gradually accumulate with the vegetable planting years. The data from literature showed that the soil with 21~25 planting years has the highest Cd accumulation(3.60 mg·kg-1), and the soil with 26~30 years has the highest Cu(80.3 mg· kg-1)and Zn(180 mg·kg-1), respectively. The data from collected soil samples showed that the highest Cd content appeared in the soil with planting years of 16~20 years(0.19 mg·kg-1)and the highest As(16.0 mg·kg-1), Cu(53.6 mg·kg-1), and Zn(131 mg·kg-1)content appeared in the soil with 21~25 planting years. Correlation analysis showed that the content of Cd and organic carbon was significant positive correlated, the content of Cu and Zn was significant positive correlated with organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The heavy metals content of the fertilizer verified that phosphate fertilizer and manure were important sources of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetable soils. Measures should be taken to control the pollution sources to ensure the soil environment and vegetable quality and safety. |
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