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| Assessment of carbon sequestration and nutrient resources by turning animal manure into biochar and its potential environmental risk for field application |
| Received:January 07, 2019 |
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| KeyWord:animal manure;biochar;carbon emission;nutrient;heavy metal |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | LI Fei-yue | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Anhui Laimujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233400, China | | WU Xuan | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China | | LI Jun-suo | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China | | XIE Yue | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Anhui Laimujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233400, China | | FAN Xing-jun | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Anhui Laimujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233400, China | | CAI Yong-bing | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Anhui Laimujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233400, China | | ZHAO Jian-rong | Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biochar and Cropland Pollution Prevention, Anhui Laimujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233400, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Fresh dairy, swine, and chicken manure were collected and pyrolyzed at 500℃ under an oxygen-limited condition for biochar production. The yield and total C, N, P, K, and heavy metal content of these manure-based biochars were investigated to estimate the potential environmental benefits and risks of these manures being converted to biochar followed by agricultural use. Based on the normal production of animal manure, the yield of biochar from these three manures, and the C content in the corresponding manure-based biochars the C sequestration amount increased to 3.51×108 t if all animal manures (1.90×109 t in total in 2015)were converted to biochar. This value was equivalent to about 17.2% of the national total C emissions. Moreover, these biochars exhibited high NPK nutrient content with 1.73×108 t in total, of which N, P (P2O5), and K (K2O)accounted for 32.6%, 46.8%, and 20.6%, respectively. However, our analysis showed that the Cu, Zn, and Cd contents of manure biochars consistently increased during the pyrolysis process, exceeding the standard limits for direct field use. The Cd content in pig manure biochar reached up to 34.36 mg·kg-1. These results show that converting animal manure to biochar followed by agricultural application may be viable for soil C sequestration, improvement of soil nutrient status, and efficient disposal of considerable amounts of animal manure; however, the soil contamination risk with heavy metals should be given greater attention. Long-term field studies are required that focus on the environmental performance of manure biochars, which are important to enable the development of more scalable biochar strategies. |
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