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| The spatial and temporal distribution features of the land bearing capacity for livestock manure in Shandong Province, China |
| Received:July 06, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:livestock and poultry manure;land bearing capacity;spatial and temporal distribution;Shandong Province |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHENG Li | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China | | | ZHANG Qing-wen | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China | zhangqingwen@caas.cn | | ZHANG Ai-ping | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China | | | LIU Xing-ren | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China | | | LIU Shi-qing | The Office of Binzhou Pollutant Emission Control, Binzhou 256600, China | | | HAN Cong | The Office of Binzhou Pollutant Emission Control, Binzhou 256600, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This research aims to investigate the spatial distribution of livestock and poultry manure resources and the changes in land bearing capacity for livestock and poultry manure over the past decade in Shandong Province. The objectives are to provide scientific information for rational utilization of livestock and poultry feces resources, optimize the structure of livestock breeding, and promote the development of green agriculture combined with planting and breeding. Based on a literature review and official statistical data collection, we quantified crop nutrient demands and nutrient supply from livestock manure. By converting the animal manure produced from different livestock species into pig equivalent to obtain an index of land bearing capacity for livestock and poultry manure, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of the land bearing capacity for livestock and poultry manure. The results showed that there were significant spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of land bearing capacity for livestock manure in Shandong Province. As for the spatial characteristics, the pollution risks of livestock and poultry manure in different districts were quite different; the values of I for N and P were all less than 1 in the cities of Qingdao, Zibo, Liaocheng, and Heze, thereby indicating that the land consumption of livestock and poultry manure was not overloaded in these cities. The values of I for N and P in the cities of Jinan, Zaozhuang, Yantai, Tai'an, Weihai, Rizhao, Laiwu, Linyi, and Dezhou were all greater than 1. The higher values of I for N and P in these areas revealed that the livestock and poultry manure exceeded the farmland's bearing capacity and that high risks of livestock and poultry manure pollution existed. In particular, the I values for N and P in Laiwu City were 2.14 and 2.36, respectively, thereby showing a high risk of pollution in farmlands. The large surplus of nutrients from livestock and poultry manure greatly exceeded the carrying capacity of agricultural land and would result in N and P pollution. From a time series perspective, the overall breeding scale had generally increased in Shandong Province in the past ten years, and had increased from 7.042×107 to 8.401×107 pigs. Especially from 2009 to 2012, the overall scale increased greatly by 13.3%. The crop demands of N and P nutrients from manure increased each year by an overall increment of 10.6% and 13.1%, respectively. The N and P nutrient supplies from livestock and poultry manure showed an increasing trend with increments of 8.9% and 2.9%, respectively. In 2016, the land bearing capacity for livestock and poultry manure in Shandong Province reached 8.58×107 and 9.81×107 pig equivalent for N and P, respectively, which were higher than the actual breeding scale of 8.40×107 pig equivalent. The I index of land bearing capacity based on the N and P contents of livestock and poultry manure in Shandong Province showed a decreasing trend. The livestock and poultry breeding industries in Shandong Province are mainly distributed in the regions of Dezhou and Weifang in the southwest and middle-south of Shandong Province. The livestock and poultry manure of the cities of Jinan, Zaozhuang, Yantai, Tai'an, Weihai, Rizhao, Laiwu, Linyi, and Dezhou all exceed the farmland's bearing capacity. These areas have a potential risk of N and P pollution. Based on the values of the index of land bearing capacity for livestock and poultry manure, there is still potential for farmland to dispose of livestock and poultry manure in some cities of Shandong Province. |
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