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| Pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in paddy soils in a county of Hunan Province, China |
| Received:June 18, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:Hunan Province county;paddy soils;heavy metal;pollution characteristics;sources |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | MU Li | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Yue-hua | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | XU Ya-ping | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LI Jun-xing | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | DAI Li-hong | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | JIANG Hong-xin | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LIU Xiao-wei | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | xwliu2006@163.com | | ZHAO Yu-jie | Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | zhaoyujie@aepi.org.cn | | CHEN Fang | School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The characteristics and sources of Cd, Pb, Cr, As, and Hg in paddy soil samples from a county in Hunan Province were analyzed. The pollution characteristics and ecological risk of paddy soils were evaluated using the single factor, comprehensive pollution, geoaccumulation, and potential ecological risk indices. The sources of heavy metals in paddy soils were analyzed using geostatistical information mapping techniques, conditional reasoning tree models, and principal component analysis. The average contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, As, and Hg in the paddy soils were 0.729, 49.9, 79.2, 19.8 mg·kg-1, and 0.244 mg·kg-1, respectively. A comprehensive pollution index exceeding 3 accounted for 14.2% of sites, while 74.9% of sites were mildly polluted and above sites, indicating that paddy soils in the studied county were contaminated. The average comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 84.9, indicating that the county is experiencing a mild pollution level. The contribution rate of Cd to the comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 65.97%, and it was the main source of ecological risk in the paddy soils. The Craig space difference found that high concentrations of Cd were mainly located in the industrial base of the county. The conditional reasoning tree model indicated that the Cd in the paddy soils was mainly related to the distance to the enterprises. In addition, the carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure, distance to industrial and mining enterprises, and the amount of added grain were also related to the source of Cd. Combining with principal component analysis, it was found that Cd and Pb were mainly related to industrial pollution sources and transportation activities. Hg and As were mainly related to residential activities, residential and industrial waste stacking, and sewage irrigation, while Cr was mainly related to natural activities. The pollution level of heavy metals found in the paddy soil of this county in Hunan Province was mild, and Cd was the main source of ecological risk in the paddy soil. Cd pollution was mainly related to industrial pollution sources. |
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