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| Spatial variability and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and crops around the mining area in Fujian Province, China |
| Received:October 21, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:soil heavy metal;available heavy metal;geographical statistical analysis;health risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | XIE Tuan-hui | College of Resources and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | GUO Jing-xia | College of Resources and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | CHEN Yan-hui | College of Resources and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | LI Yun-yun | College of Resources and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | WANG Guo | College of Resources and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | 400619353@qq.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To reveal the cumulative characteristics of heavy metal elements and the crop safety around mining areas, geostatistical analysis methods, such as semi-variogram and inverse distance weight interpolation, and a health risk assessment model were employed in this study. The former computed the spatial variability and distribution of heavy metal elements, and the latter estimated the health risk induced by crop intake. Seven heavy metal elements in a mining area of the Fujian Province were sampled and detected, specifically Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and As, and the over-standard rates of their total content were 88.89%, 91.11%, 0, 73.33%, 82.22%, 2.22%, and 0, respectively, according to national standards GB 15618-2018, while the over-standard rates of their available content were 100%, 68.89%, 48.89%, 6.67%, 24.44%, 22.22%, and 40.00%, respectively, according to Fujian provincial local standards (DB 35/T 859-2016). In this study, the total content and available content of each heavy metal element had a significantly positive correlation, except for Cr and Ni. The potential hydrogen (pH) negatively influenced available Ni and Cd, while cation exchange capacity (CEC) had a positive influence on available Cd, Zn, and Ni. The effects of soil organic matter content on available Cu and Ni were positive, as well as the effect of free ferric oxide on available Zn. The results of geostatistical analysis determined that the total and available content of heavy metal elements were spatially autocorrelated due to nugget coefficients of less than 75%, where total Pb, total Cd, available Cd, total Cr, available Cr, total Cu, available Zn, total Ni, total As, and available As held stronger spatial autocorrelations according to nugget coefficients of less than 25%. The results of the health risk assessment demonstrated that the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of tuberous vegetables and leafy vegetables was greater than 1, which meaned that the study area was significantly threatened by compounding health risks. Moreover, children were more sensitive to various heavy metals than adults due to the target hazard quotient (THQ) of Cd in leafy vegetables, which was greater than 1. The heavy metal elements in this mining area were spatially autocorrelated, and crop safety hardly met the requirements for human health. |
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