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| Biochemical changes and subcellular structure in germinating seeds of Liquidambar formosana under Pb, Cd, and acid stress |
| Received:August 11, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:stress;Liquidambar formosanaseeds;physiological index;FTIR;TEM;germination |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CHEN Shun-yu | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | ZHAO Ya-man | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | LI Zong-xun | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | LI Qi-yan | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | JIANG Yun | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | | | HOU Xiao-long | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China
Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation in South China Red Soil Region of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | xl.hou@fafu.edu.cn | | CAI Li-ping | College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China
Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation in South China Red Soil Region of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the dynamic biochemical changes in the germination process in Liquidambar formosana seeds under heavy metals and acid stress, different Pb (250, 500 and 1000 mg·L-1), Cd (25, 50 and 100 mg·L-1), and acid (pH 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5) stress tests were established with filter paper culture. The soluble protein, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and α-amylase and β-amylase activities during seed germination were measured, and observation of the ultrastructural changes in seed endosperm cells undertaken using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The high concentration of Pb stress during the early and middle stages of germination (4 and 7 days) significantly increased the soluble protein content and β-amylase activity.The α-amylase activity was maximal at Pb-500 (P<0.05). Cd stress had a great influence on α-amylase activity and the response of soluble proteins, reducing sugars, and soluble sugars to Cd gradually increased during the middle and late stages of germination. FTIR analysis showed that the Pb-250 treatment stimulated the synthesis of ester compounds commonly found in membrane lipids and cell wall pectin. Pb-500 and Cd-25 treatments facilitated the synthesis of organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, protein, and polysaccharides during the germination of L. formosana seeds, thereby enhancing resistance to Pb and Cd stress. In contrast, acid stress reduced the soluble protein content, and pH-5.5 and pH-4.5 treatments promoted the synthesis of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and β-amylase activity during the germination of L. formosana seeds. With the enhancement of acid stress, the change in the characteristic peak value generally showed a downward trend, and the peak value of the pH-3.5 treatment group was slightly increased.The majority of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were deposited in the cell wall and cytoplasm, and the cell compartment was significant. Thus, L. formosana can germinate and grow in heavy metal and acid contaminated wasteland via the combined action of permeating substances and cellular compartmentalization. |
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