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| Effect of the combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil |
| Received:April 19, 2018 Revised:July 03, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;nitrogen;phosphorus;urease;phosphatase;output load |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | CUI Hu | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China | | | WANG Li-xia | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China | lxwang@iga.ac.cn | | OU Yang | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China | | | YAN Bai-xing | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China | | | HAN Lu | College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China | | | LI Ying-xin | Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China | | | JIANG Shan | College of Science, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the application of a combination of biochar and diammonium phosphate ([NH4)2HPO4] on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy soil when the same amount of nitrogen was added. The treatments conducted for this study were N1+B0 ([NH4)2HPO4 750 kg·hm-2], N2+B5 ([NH4)2HPO4 583 kg·hm-2 + biochar 5000 kg·hm-2], N3+B10 ([NH4)2HPO4 416 kg·hm-2 + biochar 10 000 kg·hm-2], and N0+B20 (biochar 20 000 kg·hm-2). The results showed that the concentration of NH4+-N in soil for all four treatments peaked on day 9, and the total phosphorus (TP)concentration peaked on day 25 for the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments and on day 55 for the N2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments after fertilization. The concentration of NO3--N in soil with the N2+B5 and N3+B10 treatments presented a bimodal variation, peaking on days 10 and 55, whereas that with the N0+B20 and N1+B0 treatments remained steady during the early stages, days 1~10, and then gradually decreased to a stable level. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN)with the N1+B0 treatment slowly decreased during days 1~55 after fertilization, and then showed a unimodal trend with a peak value on day 85, whereas that with the N2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 treatments showed a double-peak trend, peaking on days 9 and 85. Compared with the N1+B0 treatment, the concentration of TN and TP, urease and phosphatase activity in soil treated with biochar application treatments of N2+B5, N3+B10, and N0+B20 increased by 11.1%, 33.3%, 11.1% and 40.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%; 25.0%, 30.0%, 10.0% and 9.76%, 18.3%, 15.9%, respectively, indicating that biochar had a more sustained fertilizer effect than chemical fertilizer alone. At the beginning of fertilization, application of biochar could increase the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P)in soil and reduce the outputs of N and P from paddy fields. At the rice maturation stage, biochar application increased the ratio of N/P in the field surface water. The output loads of NO3--N, NH4+-N, TN, and TP in surface water with the N3+B10 treatment decreased by 29.6%, 48.1%, 49.7%, and 50.0%, respectively, in comparison with the N1+B0 treatment, indicating that it is a suitable fertilization strategy for paddy fields in the black soil region of Northeast China. |
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