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| Effect of different biochar types and applications on germination and rhizome growth of wheat and cucumber seeds |
| Received:April 26, 2018 Revised:August 08, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:biochar;addition;PAHs;germination test;root length/shoot length inhibition rate |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SONG Ting-ting | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China | | | CHEN Yi-xuan | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China | | | LI Jie | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | lijie@caas.cn | | YU Zhi-guo | College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China | | | LAI Xin | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHANG Gui-long | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | zgl-2008@126.com |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to clarify the effects of different biochar types and applications on the germination and rhizome growth of wheat and cucumber seeds, we evaluated four different biochars[peanut shell biochar (PBC), corn stalks biochar (MBC), aspen chips biochar (ABC)and bamboo chips biochar (BBC)] that differed in feedstock type. We also conducted an indoor incubation experiment to evaluate the response of germination percentage and the responses of the root and shoot lengths of wheat seeds (fibrous root syshoot)and cucumber seed (taproot syshoot)to different biochar inputs (0, 20.0, 40.0, 80.0, and 160.0 g·kg-1)at the end of the germination period. The results showed that the four types of biochars were alkaline in nature and had an obvious pore structure. These biochars also contained functional groups, including -O-, -OH and -C=O. Furthermore, in addition to nutrient elements that can benefit crop growth, several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compounds of biochar and soil were also identified and quantified, which differed among the four biochars. Compared with the control, the input of biochar had no effect on the percentage of germination of either wheat or cucumber seeds. Nevertheless, at a low input rate, these biochars effectively promoted the growth of the wheat and cucumber seedlings, whereas a high input of biochar significantly inhibited their root and shoot growth. The application of PBC at 80.0 g·kg-1 had the best effect with respect to stimulating the root and shoot growth of wheat and cucumber, with increases of 31.58% and 85.14%, respectively. However, MBC, ABC and BBC were most effectives when applied at 40.0 g·kg-1, promoting increases in the root and shoot lengths of wheat by 45.26%~83.49% and 79.30%~133.17%, and of cucumber by 18.55%~39.77% and 63.14%~84.00%, respectively. Consequently, the different biochars had a considerably greater influence on wheat seedlings than that on cucumber seedlings. In conclusion, differences in both the feedstock type and chemical composition of biochars and their application amounts significantly affected the early growth of wheat and cucumber seedlings, and the interaction of type and application was also significant. Therefore, on the basis of different feedstock types, an examination of the physical and chemical properties of biochars in conjunction with a determination of optimal dosage might be important for reliable field application. |
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