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| Contamination and risk assessment of phthalates in soils and agricultural products after cotton cultivation in southern Xinjiang, northwest China |
| Received:January 31, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:phthalate ester;agricultural products;mulch film;risk control;Xinjiang |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | PENG Yi | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHAO Yu-jie | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WANG Lu | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | HE Ze-ying | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHANG Yan-wei | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | GENG Yue | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | LIU Xiao-wei | Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Environmental Factors, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Products Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | xwliu2006@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To assess the risk of phthalate esters (PAEs) in agricultural products after long-term cotton planting, 94 pairs of soil-fruit/vegetables and 40 mulch film residues were collected from the traditional cotton planting area including Akesu, Shaya, Xinhe, and Kuche counties in southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Residue levels of 17 kinds of PAEs were determined, and source analysis was carried out. High detection rates of 95.7% and 93.6% of PAEs were observed in soils and agricultural products, respectively. Total phthalates content in soils ranged from 0 to 1622 μg·kg-1 with an average content of 180.2 μg·kg-1. Total phthalates content in agricultural products ranged from 0 to 2 430.1 μg·kg-1 with an average content of 190.6 μg·kg-1. Average ∑PAEs in vegetables (220.1 μg·kg-1) was higher than that in fruits (182.3 μg·kg-1). PAE content of agricultural products in the four counties was, in decreasing order:Shaya (297 μg·kg-1) > Xinhe (273 μg·kg-1) > Kuche (119.3 μg·kg-1) > Akesu (65 μg·kg-1); and a similar pattern was observed in soils:Shaya (305.1 μg·kg-1) > Xinhe (143.5 μg·kg-1) > Kuche (122.6 μg·kg-1) > Akesu (115.8 μg·kg-1). DEP and DEHP contributed more than 71.1% of the total PAEs in soil samples, and DMP, DEP, and DEHP contributed more than 86.4% of that in agricultural products. ∑PAEs of root vegetables (534.7 μg·kg-1) was significantly higher than those of other fruits and vegetables. Human exposure assessment, based on daily intake of contaminated agriproducts and dose for reproductive toxicity, indicated no reproductive damage after long term exposure. The mulch film residues in Akesu Region ranged from 0.1 to 42.1 kg·hm-2, mulch film thickness from 5.6 to 6.85 μm, and degree of size breakages from 6.4 to 30.3 mg·piece-1. Correlation analysis indicated that ∑PAEs in agricultural products (n=94) was positively correlated (R=0.529, P<0.01) with ∑PAEs in soils (n=94) at the 0.01 level. No correlation was observed between ∑PAEs in soils or agricultural products and the time of cotton planting (P>0.05), however, positive correlation between ∑PAEs in soils and mulch film residues (R=0.767, P=0.044) was observed at the 0.05 level. ∑PAEs in soils were negatively correlated with the degree of size breakages (R=0.778, P<0.01), and the mulch film thickness (R=0.786, P=0.021). The correlation analysis results suggest that reducing the mulch film residues in farmland is the critical control point of PAEs pollution in Xinjiang cotton planting area. |
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