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| Speciation and pollution assessment of cadmium and lead in vegetable greenhouse soil from a Xi'an Suburb with different cultivating years |
| Received:July 10, 2018 Revised:August 27, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:Xi'an;planting years;greenhouse vegetable soil;heavy metals;speciation analysis;pollution assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | GUO Jun-kang | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | ZHAO Jin | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | WEI Ting | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | LI Yan-ping | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | LÜ Xin | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | REN Qian | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China | | WANG Xiao-hong | School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi ′an 710021, China |
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| Abstract: |
| The physiochemical properties, content and speciation of heavy metals changes the increasing planting years. To investigate the speciation and pollution levels of heavy metals in vegetable greenhouse soils with different planting years, a field study was conducted using vegetable greenhouse soil from a Xi'an Suburb. The physiochemical properties, content, and speciation of Cd and Pb in soil were investigated, the relationship between Cd and Pb speciation and their physiochemical properties in soil were analyzed, and heavy metal pollution in soil was evaluated using the geoaccumlation and potential ecological risk indices. The results indicated that soil became acidic and the availability of nutrients increased an increase in planting years. The total Cd and Pb content of soil ranged between 0.28~1.51 mg·kg-1 and 0.14~0.5 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the available content of Cd was between 0.14~0.5 mg·kg-1; all of these values exceeded the background level. The total contents of Cd in 11~15, 16~20 a and 21~25 a were 0.615, 1.465 mg·kg-1, and 1.515 mg·kg-1, respectively, and that of 21~25 a were 0.5 mg·kg-1, which exceeded the standard value. The acid soluble and reducible fractions were the main speciations of Cd. The main form of Pb was the residual fraction. The available Cd, and the reduction and residue fractions of Pb were significantly correlated with the N and P contents of soil (P<0.05), and the reduction fraction of Pb was correlated with K. The geoaccumulation index of Cd in soil increased, and the pollution reached a moderate level as the number of planting years increased. The soil of 21~25 a was at a moderate ecological risk. The contribution of the Cd ecological risk coefficient to the potential risk index was 94.36%. Cd and Pb create a certain risk of superimposed pollution, and the potential ecological risk coefficient of Cd in high-age fields is greater than that of Pb. |
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