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| Phosphorus transformation and loss risk during heap retting with livestock manure |
| Received:November 14, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:heap retting;total phosphorus;available phosphorus;organic phosphorus;loss risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | JIN Wen-bo | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | YIN Chang-qing | Agricultural Bureau of Dongkou County, Hunan Province, Dongkou 422300, China | | | WANG Yi | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | wangyi@isa.ac.cn | | ZUO Shuang-miao | Soil and Water Conservation Office, Water Resources Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410007, China | 553466318@qq.com | | XIAO Run-lin | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Recycling the phosphorus in livestock manure is an important way to solve the shortage of agricultural resources and to decrease environmental pollution risks. The present study compared the heap retting processes of pig manure and cow manure to determine phosphorus transformation, and to estimate the environmental losses risked in subtropical agricultural areas. Therefore, the total phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, organic phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus, citric acid extracted phosphorus, and Olsen-P indexes were determined during the two months of heap retting experiment. The results suggested the following:(1) the chemical composition of phosphorus differed between the heap retting processes of pig and cow manure in view of the phosphorus levels, which were:water-soluble phosphorus > Olsen-P ≈ citric acid extracted phosphorus in pig manure, and citric acid extracted phosphorus > water soluble phosphorus > Olsen-P in cow manure. All forms of phosphorus content in pig manure were higher than those in cow manure. (2) Large quantities of inorganic phosphorus were transformed into organic phosphorus and hence, increased the organic phosphorus and the total phosphorus content of pig manure; however, this phenomenon was not obvious for the cow manure. (3) The rapid excretion and loss of organic matter due to microbial fermentation, concentrated the phosphorus contents of pig manure, increased the loss risk of total phosphorus through over-land runoffs during the heap retting process. Therefore, in areas with frequent rainfall, although the heap retting treatment can improve the phosphorus availability in pig manure, additional attention should be paid to the potential environmental risk of runoff-losses during the heap retting process. |
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