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| The spatial analysis of soil elements and a risk assessment of heavy metals based on regular methods in the Xinjiang local region |
| Received:September 20, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:soil;element;heavy metal;spatial distribution;regular methods;risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | PU Jia | State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China | | | MA Long | State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China | malong@ms.xjb.ac.cn | | JILILI·Abuduwaili | State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China | | | LIU Wen | State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Combining with mathematical statistics and geostatistical methods, we determined the content, spatial variability, and spatial distribution characteristics of 17 kinds of elements in topsoil in Bosten Lake Basin, and measured out the degree of heavy metal pollution through a Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed(in order of decreasing prevalence):Ca > Al > Fe > Mn > V > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > As > Co > Sb > Mo > Tl > Cd > Hg. The content of Co and Mo was lowest in Xinjiang soil while average concentrations of Mn, V, Zn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Sb, Tl and Pb were significantly lower than the soil background value in Xinjiang. The spatial variation of topsoil elements showed that Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Zn, As and Tl were significantly affected by structural factors, and their spatial self-correlation was good. Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb, Pb and Hg showed good spatial self-correlation in the small scale, and seemed mainly affected by random factors(farmland, traffic, industrial production). Fe was a stable element in the earth's crust, which was influenced by the regional geology, Al concentrations seem primarily influenced by random factors besides the physical characteristics of the soil. Ca was an active element, mainly correlated to weathering patterns, migration, deposition of terrigenous detritus and other factors. Spatial distribution results showed that most heavy metal pollution was concentrated near high traffic, and industrial zones. High levels of As in the northwest and southeast region, for example, originated from natural and artificial sources. The values of Nemerow index for 13 kinds of heavy metals were calculated, which suggested little risk with Co, moderate or "warning" levels of Mn, Cu, Tl and Pb; V, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Sb and Hg showed elevated pollution levels(Nemerow index values between 1 to 2), and Cd and Hg levels were significantly elevated. Single potential ecological risk results showed that Cd and Hg had a slight ecological risk, integrated potential ecological risk results showed that 27% of the samples had a slight potential ecological risk, and 73% had a medium risk(mainly from the higher risk associated with Cd and Hg), which should draw attention. |
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