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| Status and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil and rice grains from the industrial and mining area of Shaoguan, Guangdong Province |
| Received:February 13, 2018 |
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| KeyWord:paddy soil;rice;heavy metals;potential ecological risk assessment;human health risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHENG Kun | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | REN Zong-ling | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | QIN Xiao-quan | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | ZHAO Yu-jie | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHU Zhen-qiang | Guangzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Guangzhou 510520, China | | | LIAN Wan-li | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | LI Yong-tao | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | yongtao@scau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| To obtain a better overview of the impact of industrial and mining activities on the agricultural production around the mining areas in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, heavy metal contents in 54 paddy soils and corresponding 54 rice grain samples were investigated. The samples were collected from the villages surrounding three typical industrial and mining areas, i.e. Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine(FK), Dabaoshan Polymetallic Mine(DBS) and Qujiang Power Plant(QJ). The potential ecological risk and human health risk were also assessed for the heavy metals in both soil and rice. The results showed that the paddy soils around the three industrial and mining areas were seriously contaminated, and the Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in soils exceed the national standard values by 100%, 30%, 50% and 74%, respectively. These metals posed very high or high potential ecological risk, with the degree of risk followed the sequence of QJ > FK > DBS. Among the metals, Cd was the most important risk factor. In rice grains, the contents of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn exceed the national standard values by 94%, 85%, 2% and 4%, respectively. Cd and Pb were the most important health risk factors in rice. The results of human health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic health index of heavy metals in paddy soils in the studied areas was lower than 1, which would not cause obvious non-carcinogenic health effects to surrounding residents, and Pb was the most important non-carcinogenic risk factor. The carcinogenic risk level of Cd in paddy soils was generally acceptable, but attention should still be paid to its potential carcinogenic risk to children in the mining areas. Oral ingestion was the most important exposure pathway for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in paddy soils. The health risk of heavy metals in rice was much higher than that in soils. The obvious non-carcinogenic risk and even chronic toxic effects on local residents were imposed by heavy metals in rice. Among the four metals, Cd and Pb were the most important non-carcinogenic risk factors in rice in the studied area. The carcinogenic risk of Cd in rice was at the level of 10-3~10-2, far exceeding the acceptable level(10-6) that USEPA recommended. Our results can provide a more comprehensive basis for the control of heavy metal pollution in the local soil, in order to guarantee the health of residents in the surroundings of industrial and mining area. |
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