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| Environmental effects of the Loess Plateau biogas eco-orchard based on life cycle assessment(LCA) |
| Received:November 29, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:ecological orchard;life cycle assessment(LCA);environmental emissions;biogas fermentation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Cong-guang | College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | QIU Ling | College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Western Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | xbgzzh@163.com | | WANG Fei | College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | DENG Yuan-fang | College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | HAN Jian-cong | College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study, based on the demonstration project on biogas-linked ecological orchard system in Loess Plateau district, north of Shaanxi Province, calculated the energy consumption and pollutant discharge by this project in the Loess Plateau district. It used the life cycle assessment(LCA) method and analyzed the environmental effects during the different life cycles of the system. The results showed that emissions happened during the construction and production phase, whereas the utilization period created favorable ecological benefits; e.g., biogas can be used as renewable energy that can substitute a certain amount of traditional fuels, such as coal and electricity. Infrastructure construction, field management, orchard construction, and production lead to heavy environmental load. Particularly, field management process constituted 83%, 55%, 43%, and 59% of the global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and energy depletion potentials, respectively. The production process also caused serious environmental problems like eutrophication(40%), human toxicity(41%), photochemical oxidation(66%), and energy depletion(26%). Biogas slurry and residue utilization, biogas fermentation, and biogas combustion were the main factors determining energy saving and emission reduction of the studied system. Moreover, global warming, acidification, and eutrophication potential of the system were negative, which showed a stronger sustainability than that of the single apple-planting model. Moreover, economic analysis showed that the integrated economic benefit(IBE) was $2 544.25, and the value of IBE in the construction phase, production phase, and utilization phase were -$255.11, $2 447.67, and $351.47, respectively, which showed a strong economic sustainability of the integrated system. |
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