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| Effect of varying fertilization patterns on bacteria and archaea communities in saline-alkali soil under rice cultivation |
| Received:August 15, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:rice cultivation;fertilization pattern;bacterial and archaeal communities;saline-alkali soil;Illumina pyrosequencing |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Ming | Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | MA Fei | Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | | | XIAO Guo-ju | Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China | xiaoguoju@hotmail.com |
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| Abstract: |
| This study investigated the characteristics of soil bacterial and archaea community shifts subjected to different fertilization patterns in a saline-alkali soil under rice cultivation in Northwest China. There were five treatments:CK(without fertilizer), single flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products(FGDB) 31 250 kg·hm-2 application(T1); flue gas desulfurization gypsum by-products 31 250 kg·hm-2, and different organic fertilizer treatments(T2, T3, and T4, respectively). Five cores(2.5 cm in diameter) were randomly collected from the plow layer(2~20 cm) of each plot in the experimental field and mixed together. The changes to the bacterial and archaea communities, and soil nutrients were investigated using Illumina pyrosequencing and conventional chemical analysis, respectively. When compared with the control, the other four treatments decreased the diversity index of soil archaeal community. However, the T2, T3, and T4 treatments increased the biodiversity of the soil bacterial community. Across all samples, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant bacterial phyla, and represented 25.7%~31.2% and 22.9%~28.1% of all taxon tags, respectively. T2, T3, and T4 treatments increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria by 14.0%~36.4%, but T1 decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria by 9.2% compared with CK. However, T1, T2, and T3 treatments increased the relative abundance of Euryarchaeota by about 41.6%~115.2% compared with CK. These results showed that soil bacterial and archaeal communities were significantly altered by the different fertilization patterns. The use of FGDB and organic fertilizer changed the soil physicochemical properties. T4 treatment increased soil organic carbon(6.74%), available nitrogen(37.2%), available phosphorus(47.83%), and NO3--N(96.26%). There were significant correlations between soil microorganisms and physicochemical characteristics. The RDA results indicated that the NO3--N came from the organic fertilizer applications and was the most important factor determining bacterial and archaeal community composition. The total phosphorus, pH, available phosphorus, and electrical conductivity also had important effects on the microorganism communities. Treatment 4 was the best fertilizer pattern. These results may increase our understanding of the microorganisms in a saline-alkali soil, and will improve the rational utilization of fertilizer and agricultural sustainable development. |
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