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| Interrelations of CO2 exchange in daytime, leaf area, and biomass with different nitrogen fertilizers applied in a double-rice cropping system |
| Received:March 17, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:controlled-release urea;nitrification inhibitor;effective microorganisms;net CO2 exchange;leaf area;biomass |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHOU Zhi-hua | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | | | WANG Bin | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | | | LI Jian-ling | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | | | WAN Yun-fan | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | wanyunfan@caas.cn | | Hasbagan Ganjurjav | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | | | CAI Wei-wei | College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China | | | SU Rong-rui | Jingzhou Agro-meteorological Trial Station, Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Jingzhou 434025, China | | | ZHOU Shou-hua | Jingzhou Agro-meteorological Trial Station, Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Jingzhou 434025, China | | | Muhammad Ahmed Waqas | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Effects of controlled-release urea, nitrification inhibitor, and microbial inoculants on net CO2 exchange, leaf area development, and biomass production in a double-rice cropping system were investigated, for a further understanding of carbon assimilation in rice paddies with the application of these new nitrogen fertilizers. Five different fertilizer treatments were set in situ to conduct a 2-year(2012-2013) field experiment in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, i.e. CK:conventional urea, CRU:polymer-coated controlled-release urea, NU:urea containing nitrapyrin, DMPP:urea containing 3,4-dimenthylpyrazole phosphate, and EM:urea combined with effective microorganism inocula. Static chamber gas chromatography was employed to monitor CO2 exchange fluxes in rice paddies in the daytime. Leaf area index and aboveground biomass were also measured during different rice growing stages. The results showed that CO2 was assimilated from air to plants in the daytime during the rice growing season and net CO2 exchange fluxes varied with the change of ambient temperature and precipitation, and attained a peak value at the jointing and heading stages. The application of new nitrogen fertilizers resulted in higher CO2 assimilation rates, of which NU caused an increase of 13.2%~51.6%, followed by CRU at 9.8%~4.1%, each compared to CK(on average) during each rice season. Promotion of leaf area and aboveground biomass were also investigated in different growing stages, and CRU caused the highest increase for the peak values, by 12.4%~18.6% and 9.1%~18.8% respectively. Through regression analysis, a linear positive relationship was found between leaf area and CO2 assimilation rate, and a parabolic relationship was found between aboveground biomass and CO2 assimilation rate. Thus, the application of controlled-release urea, nitrification inhibitor, and microorganisms all contribute to the increase of leaf area and biomass and promote CO2 assimilation in rice paddy ecosystems; controlled-release urea had the best effects. |
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