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| Degradation and phytoavailability of antibiotics in soils amended with pig manure and changes of soil enzyme activity |
| Received:March 14, 2017 |
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| KeyWord:animal manure;antibiotics;soil;litchi;phytoavailability |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | SHI Hui | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | BAI Cui-hua | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | ZHOU Chang-min | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | LUO Dong-lin | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | YAO Li-xian | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China | lyaolx@scau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| A soil incubation and a pot culture experiment using litchi plants(Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were conducted using soils amended with various rates(0, 1%, 2%, and 4%, W/W) of pig manure from an intensive animal farm, to investigate degradation of antibiotics(chlortetracycline and doxycycline) and changes of soil enzyme activity within 360 d, and examine uptake of antibiotics from pig manure by litchi plants at different harvest times(153 d and 210 d). The concentrations of both antibiotics in soils were significantly increased by application of pig manure(P<0.05). The half-lives of chlortetracycline and doxycycline were 26.84 d and 58.89 d, respectively. Application of pig manure enhanced the activities of soil catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase. Moreover, the activities of the three enzymes were positively correlated to the concentrations of soil chlortetracycline and doxycycline when pig manure was applied at a rate of 1% or 2%(P<0.05). Litchi plants absorbed both antibiotics. With prolonged growth time, chlortetracycline concentration in plant significantly increased, but was not related to the level of pig manure used. The doxycycline concentration in the plants significantly increased as the manure level increased, but was diluted by the litchi biomass. Chlortetracycline was easily translocated upward, with the transfer factor of 0.595~0.789; how ever, translocation of doxycycline was limited, with a transfer factor less than 0.01. After the harvest of litchi plants, the concentration of both antibiotics in rhizosphere soil was significantly increased by an increased rate of manure application. Because litchi is a perennial woody fruit tree, successive and extensive use of animal manure would result in accumulation of antibiotics from the manure in the soil, potentially leading to absorption of antibiotics, particularly chlortetracycline, by the edible litchi fruit. |
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