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| Ammonia volatilization from fluvo-aquic clay soil and its influencing factors during wheat growing season under different fertilization |
| Received:March 02, 2016 |
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| KeyWord:winter wheat;fresh cow manure;composted cow manure;ammonia volatilization |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | XIAO Jiao | Key State Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | FAN Jian-ling | Key State Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | YE Gui-ping | Key State Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | LIU De-yan | Key State Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | YAN Jing | Fonterra-Farm Management Consulting(Beijing) Co. Ltd, Beijing 100006, China | | | LUO Jia-fa | Land and Environment, AgResearch, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand | | | HOULBROOKE David J | Land and Environment, AgResearch, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand | | | DING Wei-xin | Key State Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | wxding@issas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Ammonia(NH3) volatilization is a major path of N losses from applied nitrogen fertilizers, which not only results in economic losses, but also poses risks to the environment. A field experiment was set up in Yutian county, Hebei Province, to evaluate the NH3 volatilization in fluvo-aquic clay soil under applications of different fertilizers. There were four treatments with four replicates per treatment:fresh cow manure+urea(RAW), composted cow manure+urea(COM), NPK fertilizer(NPK), and control with no N fertilizer(CK). The manures and chemical fertilizer were applied at a rate of 225 kg N·hm-2, with half mixed into the soil as basal fertilization before planting and the other half applied to the soil as a top dressing after plant emergence. A continuous air-flow enclosure method was used to monitor NH3 volatilization rates during a winter wheat growing season. The highest cumulative amount of NH3 volatilization during the wheat growing season was measured in the RAW treatment with a net loss through NH3 volatilization of 1.97% of the N applied, which was significantly higher than that in the COM and NPK treatments. Up to 80% of the total NH3 volatilization occurred after top-dressing. Soil temperature was identified as a key factor affecting NH3 volatilization during the basal fertilization period and the flux of NH3 volatilization was significantly correlated with soil moisture and NH4+-N contents after top-dressing. |
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