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| Effects of Pig Manure Applications on Ammonia Volatilization in Soil During Rice Season in Chengdu Plain |
| Received:May 11, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:rice;ammonia volatilization;pig manure;ammonium nitrogen |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Xi-xi | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | YANG Juan | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | 465948121@qq.com | | WANG Chang-quan | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | BAI Gen-chuan | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | YOU Lai-yong | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | YI Yun-liang | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | HUANG Fan | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | LI Bo | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | | | ZENG Peng-yu | College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| A filed plot experiment was conducted to examine the ammonia volatilization in paddy field supplied with pig manure during rice season. Ammonia volatilization mainly occurred within one week or so after fertilization. The fluxes of ammonia volatilization peaked on the second day after fertilization, and then decreased rapidly. During the monitoring period, the average flux of ammonia volatilization was 2.87~5.89 kg·hm-2·d-1, and the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was 43.72~87.38 kg·hm-2, accounting for 24.27%~29.17% of total amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with the conventional fertilization, applications of pig manure with conventional fertilizers reduced cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization by 4.21%~16.74%, whereas applying pig manure alone would promote ammonia volatilization. The combined applications of pig manure and chemical fertilizer reduced ammonium nitrogen and nitrate in the water. The flux of ammonia volatilization showed a significant linear positive correlation with ammonium nitrogen concentration in the surface water. In the treatments with combined pig manure and chemical fertilizer, the rice grain yields increased by 196~779 kg·hm-2, as compared with chemical fertilizer alone. Moreover, the applications of pig manure decreased the inputs of chemical fertilizers and thus increased farmers' net income. Taking into consideration of the environmental and economic benefits, chemical fertilizer plus 50% manure would be the optimal application amount, which could consume swine manure up to 13 264.54 kg·hm-2 and carry pigs up to 20.19 pigs·hm-2. |
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