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| Coupling Effects of Biochar-Based Urea and Irrigation on Tomato Yield and Fruit Quality and Soil Nitrate Content in Greenhouse Facility |
| Received:April 23, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:tomato;highly-pressurized type of biochar-based urea;water immersed type of biochar-based urea;conventional irrigation;reduced irrigation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Yan-mei | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | | YANG Jun-gang | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | | SUN Yan-xin | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | Sunyanxin@sohu.com | | LIAO Shang-qiang | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | | ZHANG Lin | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | | | ZOU Guo-yuan | Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science, Beijing 100097, China
Key Laboratory of Urban AgricultureNorth, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, Beijing 100097, China
Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow/Controlled-release Fertilizer, Beijing 100097, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer has been one of important applications of biochar in agriculture. Here a greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the agronomic and environmental effects of two types of biochar-based urea(water-immersed and highly-pressurized) under two irrigation conditions(conventional level and low level). Leaf photosynthesis, growth, yield and quality of tomato, soil salinity, and soil nitrate content were observed. Results showed that reducing irrigation level by 46.0% inhibited leaf photosynthesis and decreased tomato yield, as compared to the conventional irrigation level. The leaf photosynthesis and tomato yield in the treatment with highly-pressurized biochar-based urea was significantly decreased, whereas such inhibition was not obvious in the treatment with water immersed biochar-based urea. However, the reduced irrigation increased leaf transpiration rate, fruit soluble sugar and Vc content and soil nitrate content in both biochar-based urea treatments. Compared with conventional urea, water-immersed and highly-pressurized biochar-based urea enhanced leaf photosynthesis intensity, regulated leaf transpiration intensity, increased leaf chlorophyll content and fruit diameter and weight, resulting in increases in tomato yield by 34.5%~51.5% and 9.12%~15.6%, respectively. Both types of biochar-based urea reduced fruit nitrate and Vc content at the conventional irrigation level, but increased fruit soluble sugar and Vc content at the reduced irrigation level. In comparison with conventional urea treatment, water immersed type of biochar-based urea decreased soil residual nitrate of 0~80 cm depth by 45.0% at the conventional irrigation level and by 37.0% at the reduced irrigation level. High-pressured type of biochar-based urea had little effect on soil residual nitrate at the conventional irrigation level, whereas it greatly increased soil residual nitrate of 0~80 cm depth by 13.0% at the reduced irrigation level. Soil nitrate content was siginificantly lower in water immersed biochar-based urea treatment at reduced irrigation level than in conventional urea treatment at conventional irrigation level. In sum, water immersed biochar-based urea has potential to increase tomato yield, improve fruit quality, lower soil nitrogen environmental risks, and reduce irrigation level. |
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