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| Coniferous Leaves as an Indicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in E-waste Dismantling Area |
| Received:April 06, 2015 |
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| KeyWord:coniferous leaves;electronic waste;heavy metals;enrichment factors |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Gang | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | WANG Jun-xia | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | XU Feng | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | ZHANG Long | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | WANG Ya-jue | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | ZHANG Wei | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | | | LIN Kuang-fei | College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China | kflin@ecust.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| E-waste dismantling has caused severe pollution of heavy metals in surrounding soils. Here we collected leaf samples of six tree species from eight rural sites, including one industrialized site in Taizhou and two control sites in eastern China to explore the use of tree leaves to indicate heavy metal pollution in soil. Concentrations of 13 heavy metal elements in the leaf samples were determined by ICP-MS, and the bioaccumulation of each element in the leaves were evaluated. The concentrations of Hg and Mn in the leaves ranged from 0.025 to 393 mg·kg-1, indicating distinctive species-specific differences in metal content of the leaves. Hg, Sn, Sb, and Pb showed higher concentrations in Sabina chinensis, while higher Cd, Cr and Co were found in Cedrus deodara. However, Se, As and Sn tended to be enriched in Cryptomeria fortunei. There was a significant spatial variation of metal concentrations in the leaves. Hg, Sn, Sb, Co, Cr, As, V, Se and Pb concentrations in leaves from e-waste recycling areas were higher than those from the control sites, indicating that e-waste dismantling activities had caused heavy metal pollution in the local vegetation systems. The principal component analysis showed that plant Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Sb, V and Hg were mainly from the soil or atmosphere contamination induced by e-waste recycling activities. In conclusion, this study shows that coniferous leaves could be used as a bio-indicator of heavy metal pollution and for the assessment of exposure risk to the local residents. |
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