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| Effects of Soil Cadmium on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Solanum nigrum L. Plants |
| Received:August 17, 2014 |
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| KeyWord:Solanum nigrum;cadmium;N, P, K;ATPase activity;lipid peroxidation;chlorophyll |
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| Abstract: |
| Solanum nigrum L. has been discovered to be a Cd hyperaccumulating species, and is therefore used for phytomining and phytoextracting Cd contaminated soils. In this work, the effects of cadmium on nutrients [nitrogen(N), Phosphorus(P) and potassium(K)] absorption and plasma membrane ATP activity in S. nigrum were investigated in a soil culture experiment. Results showed that lower Cd treatments(≤40 mg·kg-1) enhanced plant growth and biomass accumulation, whereas higher Cd(>40 mg·kg-1) inhibited plant growth. Leaf chlorophyll a(Chla), chlorophyll b(Chlb) and total chlorophyll(Chl) contents were increased by 10 mg Cd·kg-1, but decreased at higher Cd doses. With increasing Cd rates, the contents of N, P and K in roots, stems, leaves and fruits firstly increased and then decreased, except P in the stem, while the Cd accumulation in root, stem, leaf and fruit kept increasing, with leaf > stem > root > fruit. In addition, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activities of catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) increased with increasing Cd doses, while peroxidase(POD) activity showed a upside down "V" trend. However, shoot(leaf plus stem) and root H+-ATPase activities and root Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased, but the activity of shoot Ca2+-ATPase firstly increased and then decreased as Cd rates increased. Results obtained in this study suggest that S. nigrum plants may tolerate high Cd(≥40 mg·kg-1) through accelerating the accumulation of Cd ions in root, improving antioxidant enzymes(CAT and SOD) activity, decreasing POD and plasma membrane ATP activity, and enhancing N, P, and K absorption. |
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