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| Effects of Balanced Fertilization on Soil Nitrate Transport in Rainfed Winter Wheat Field Under Different Water Conditions |
| Received:March 12, 2014 |
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| KeyWord:water conditions;balanced fertilization;winter wheat;nitrate transport |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YANG Wan-zhong | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | MOU Si-wei | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | HAN Qing-fang | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | hanqf88@nwsuaf.edu.cn | | XU Wei-na | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | JIA Zhi-kuan | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | YANG Li | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China | | | YANG Bao-ping | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | | | YANG Hai-di | Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Phyic-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Excessive nitrogen application has led to nitrate accumulation and leaching from soils, causing groundwater pollution. A rainfall-controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of balanced nutrient managements on soil nitrate in a rainfed winter wheat area under different water conditions. The experiment included four irrigation rates(R0:0 mm, R1:56 mm, R2 :78 mm, R3:100 mm) and four nutrient levels(Y0:no fertilization as control, Y1:N 13.9 kg·hm-2, P2O5 4.65 kg·hm-2, K2O 15.3 kg·hm-2, Y2:N 97.5 kg·hm-2, P2O5 32.7 kg·hm-2, K2O 107.6 kg·hm-2, Y3:N 181.2 kg·hm-2, P2O5 60.6 kg·hm-2, K2O 199.8 kg·hm-2). No significant differences in nitrate accumulations were found between Y1 and Y0 in 0~80 cm soil layer during flowering and filling stages under the same water condition. Compared with Y0, the average nitrate contents and accumulation were respectively increased by 98.6%～363.6% and 8.2%～ 260.9% in Y2 and Y3 treatments, with no differences between Y2 and Y3. The effects of increased fertilizer application on nitrate content and accumulation in 80～160 cm soil layers was insignificant. At the maturity stage, however, the nitrate accumulation in 80～160 cm soil layers for three fertilizer rates was 27.2%～41.0%, 44.8%～48.4% and 23.7%～49.4% lower in R3, R2 and R1 than in R0, respectively. Higher water contents moved nitrate to a deeper soil, causing groundwater pollution. Our results suggest that the reasonable fertilizer rate for winter wheat would be Y2 as it satisfies the nutrient needs of winter wheat growth, reduces nitrate accumulation in soils and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. |
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