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| Impact of Combined Manure and Chemical Fertilization on Nitrogen Leaching from Paddy Field in Red Earth Hilly Area of China |
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| KeyWord:subtropics; paddy soil; manure-fertilizer combined application; nitrogen leaching; non-point source pollution |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | JIAO Jun-xia | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | YANG Wen | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
Hunan Normal University, College Resources and Environmental Science, Changsha 410012, China | | LI Yu-yuan | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | PENG Fu-yuan | Institute of Agricultural and Biological Resources Utilization, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | LU Yao-xiong | Institute of Agricultural and Biological Resources Utilization, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | CUI Xin-wei | Institute of Agricultural and Biological Resources Utilization, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China | | WU Jin-shui | Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Excessive applications of chemical fertilizers cause nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） leaching and thus agricultural non-point source pollution. Here, we conducted a field experiment to study the impact of manure（M） and chemical fertilizer（F） combination on soil N leaching at a depth of 100 cm in paddy field in red earth hilly area, Hunan Province of China. The results showed that the peak concentrations of total nitrogen（TN） and ammonium nitrogen（NH+4-N） in leachates occurred 1~3 d after fertilizer addition and the maximum values were 1.985 mg N·L-1 and 1.165 mg N·L-1 for TN and NH+4-N, respectively. However, nitrate（NO-3-N） concentrations in the leachates were at a relatively low level（<0.02 mg N·L-1） and varied little without any obvious peaks. Of TN in the leachates, NH+4-N was the main form（54.2%）, followed by organic nitrogen（45.1%） and NO-3-N least（0.7%）. The grain yield of late rice increased in treatments with manure ratios of 0 to 30%, but decreased with 30% to 60% of total nitrogen addition. Leaching amounts and rates of TN and NH+4-N showed similar trends during growth of late rice. Taking into consideration of rice yield and leaching risk of soil N, an application ratio of 7∶3 chemical to manure fertilizer is recommended in the studied area. |
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