| 夏梦华,刘铭羽,叶磊,李希,李裕元,吴金水.三种湿地植物在高负荷养猪废水脱氮过程中的根际效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(4):896-905. |
| 三种湿地植物在高负荷养猪废水脱氮过程中的根际效应 |
| Rhizosphere effect of three types of macrophytes during nitrogen removal process of high-loaded swine wastewater |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-02 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0806 |
| 中文关键词: 养猪废水 人工湿地 氮 根系分泌物 根际微生物 |
| 英文关键词: swine wastewater constructed wetland nitrogen root exudate rhizosphere microorganism |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42077215）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2021JJ30765）；郴州国家可持续发展议程创新示范专项（2022sfq02） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 夏梦华 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 刘铭羽 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 叶磊 | 湖南农业大学工学院, 长沙 410128 | | | 李希 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125 | lixi@isa.ac.cn | | 李裕元 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125 | | | 吴金水 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究不同湿地植物在处理高负荷养猪废水时的根际效应，本研究通过野外小区控制试验，以3种常见的挺水植物美人蕉（Canna indica）、梭鱼草（Pontederia cordata）、黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus）为研究对象构建表流人工湿地，研究人工湿地植物根系分泌物与根际氮循环微生物之间的关系。结果显示，梭鱼草对养猪废水的处理效果最好，氨氮、硝氮和总氮的去除率分别为78.3%、93.4%和81.2%。与试验前相比，梭鱼草和黄菖蒲根系可溶性有机碳（DOC）分泌速率在试验后分别增加了44.9%和13.5%；根系总有机酸（TOA）分泌速率分别增加了125.1%和147.5%。在处理养猪废水后，3种植物根际硝化过程氨氧化细菌（AOB）占主导地位，AOB-amoA基因丰度在黄菖蒲根际土中最高，为2.6×108 copies·g-1；反硝化过程nirK基因占主导地位，nirK基因丰度在梭鱼草根际土中最高，为4.3×108 copies·g-1。同时，3种植物根际均存在较明显的厌氧氨氧化过程，hzsB基因丰度在梭鱼草根际土中最高，为2.6×107 copies·g-1。研究表明，根系分泌DOC和TOA可促进根际氮循环微生物的生长繁殖，进而提高人工湿地系统的脱氮能力。3种植物中梭鱼草生物量较大，根系分泌能力较强，在养猪废水的生态修复方面具有更高的应用潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the rhizosphere effect of different macrophytes during treating high-loaded swine wastewater, we built the surface flow constructed wetlands（CWs） planted with three different types of emergent plants（Canna indica, Pontederia cordata, and Iris pseudacorus）. Through a controlled field experiment, the relationships between root exudates and rhizosphere nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms were investigated. The results suggested that the CW planted with P. cordata was more effective in treating swine wastewater, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia, nitrate, and total nitrogen were 78.3%, 93.4%, and 81.2%, respectively. Compared to before the experiment, the dissolved organic carbon（DOC）secretion rates of P. cordata and I. pseudacorus root increased by 44.9% and 13.5%, respectively, while total organic acids（TOA）secretion rates of P. cordata and I. pseudacorus root increased by 125.1% and 147.5%, respectively, after the experiment. After treating swine wastewater, the CW system nitrification was dominated by ammoniaoxidizing bacteria（AOB）, and the highest abundance of AOB-amoA gene was found in I. pseudacorus rhizosphere soil at 2.6 × 108 copies·g-1. The denitrification was dominated by nirK gene, and the highest abundance of nirK gene was found in P. cordata rhizosphere soil at 4.3 × 108 copies · g-1. Anammox was also present in the rhizosphere, and the highest abundance of hzsB gene was found in P. cordata rhizosphere soil at 2.6 × 107 copies·g-1. The study demonstrated that the root secretion of DOC and TOA could stimulate the growth and reproduction of rhizosphere nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms. Moreover, they could improve the nitrogen removal efficiency in CW systems. Among the three plants, P. cordata had larger biomass and stronger root secretion ability, which had a higher application potential in ecological restoration of swine wastewater. |
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