| 周乾顺,朱建强,邹宇傲,杨泽宇,何明佳,吴启侠.树脂包膜尿素配施普通尿素对直播稻田氨挥发、氮素径流和渗漏损失及产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(9):2016-2026. |
| 树脂包膜尿素配施普通尿素对直播稻田氨挥发、氮素径流和渗漏损失及产量的影响 |
| Effects of polymer-coated urea combined with common urea on ammonia volatilization, nitrogen runoff and leakage loss, and yield in direct-seeding paddy field |
| 投稿时间：2022-11-22 修订日期：2023-02-14 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1194 |
| 中文关键词: 直播稻 氨挥发 径流 渗漏 氮素流失 树脂包膜尿素 |
| 英文关键词: direct-seeded rice ammonia volatilization runoff seepage nitrogen loss polymer-coated urea |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（U21A2039）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800503） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究树脂包膜尿素与普通尿素配施对直播稻田氮素损失的影响，于2021年开展大田试验，在施氮180 kg·hm-2水平下，设置8个氮肥处理：树脂包膜尿素（基肥）∶普通尿素（分蘖肥）=4∶6 （CRF4U6）、6∶4 （CRF6U4）、8∶2 （CRF8U2），一次性基施树脂包膜尿素（CRF10U0）；普通尿素（基肥）∶普通尿素（分蘖肥）=4∶6 （C4U6）、6∶4 （C6U4）、8∶2 （C8U2）；以不施氮处理为对照（CK）。结果表明：施树脂包膜尿素处理（CRFU系列）基肥期氨挥发通量峰值显著低于施普通尿素处理（U系列），水稻整个生育期氨挥发损失量以CRF10U0最低，CRF8U2次之，其氨挥发损失率分别为7.35%和8.92%。CRFU系列水稻生育期总氮（TN）径流流失率均显著低于U系列，以CRF10U0最低，CRF8U2次之，其流失率仅为1.69%和2.04%，原因是直播稻田径流主要发生在施基肥后，而CRFU系列基肥期（5月22日、5月26日）径流TN浓度显著低于U系列。直播稻田30 cm处渗漏水中氮素以NH+4-N为主，基肥期CRFU系列30 cm处渗漏水中TN、NH+4-N浓度峰值显著低于U系列，水稻整个生育期氮素渗漏损失量CRFU系列显著低于U系列，以CRF10U0最低，CRF8U2次之，其渗漏淋失率分别为2.90%、3.18%。CRF8U2与C4U6产量显著高于其他处理（CRF10U0除外），而CRF8U2产投比仅比C4U6低4.90%。综合考虑氮素损失、产量和产投比等多方面因素，CRF8U2施肥模式更加贴合直播稻实际生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study explores the effects of combined application of polymer-coated urea and common urea on nitrogen loss in direct seeding paddy fields. Field trials conducted in 2021 set eight nitrogen treatments under 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application levels:CRFU series with polymer-coated urea(base fertilizer):common urea(tillering fertilizer)ratios of 4:6(CRF4U6), 6:4(CRF6U4), and 8:2 (CRF8U2), and single base application of polymer-coated urea(CRF10U0); U series with common urea(base fertilizer):common urea (tillering fertilizer)ratios of 4:6(C4U6), 6:4(C6U4), and 8:2(C8U2); and no nitrogen treatment as control(CK). The results showed that the peak value of ammonia volatiles at the base fertilizer stage in the polymer-coated urea treatment(CRFU series)was significantly lower than that of common urea treatment(U series). The ammonia volatiles loss at the whole growth stage of rice was the lowest in CRF10U0, followed by CRF8U2, with ammonia volatiles loss rates of 7.35% and 8.92%, respectively. The total nitrogen(TN)runoff loss rate of the CRFU series was significantly lower than that of the U series. CRF10U0 had the lowest TN runoff, followed by CRF8U2, with wastage rates of only 1.69% and 2.04%, respectively. This was because the runoff in direct seeding paddy fields mainly occurred after base fertilizer application. However, TN concentration in runoff of the CRFU series was significantly lower than that of U series during the base fertilizer period(May 22 and May 26). Nitrogen percolation at 30 cm depth of the direct seeding paddy field was dominated by NH+4-N, and the peak concentrations of TN and NH+4-N at 30 cm of the CRFU series were significantly lower than those of the U series at base fertilizer stage. Furthermore, nitrogen leakage loss during the whole growth stage of rice was significantly lower than that of the U series, with CRF10U0 being the lowest followed by CRF8U2, with leakage rates of 2.90% and 3.18%, respectively. The yields of CRF8U2 and C4U6 were significantly higher than that of other treatments except CRF10U0, and the production-investment ratio of CRF8U2 was only 4.90% lower than that of C4U6. Therefore, considering nitrogen loss, yield and production-investment ratio, the CRF8U2 fertilization model is most suitable for the actual production of direct seeding rice. |
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