有机酸强化饲用玉米修复镉铅污染农田效果

陶荣浩; 高羽欣; 谢君豪; 胡婧怡; 曹迟; 胡兆云; 鲁洪娟; 叶文玲; 马友华

文章摘要

陶荣浩,高羽欣,谢君豪,胡婧怡,曹迟,胡兆云,鲁洪娟,叶文玲,马友华.有机酸强化饲用玉米修复镉铅污染农田效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(4):823-834.

有机酸强化饲用玉米修复镉铅污染农田效果

Effect of organic acid enhancement on the remediation of cadmium-lead-polluted farmland by feed maize

投稿时间：2023-07-13

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0555

中文关键词: 有机酸饲用玉米镉铅污染强化修复农田

英文关键词: organic acid forage maize cadmium and lead pollution intensive repair farmland

基金项目:安徽省科技重大攻关项目（17030701053）

作者	单位	E-mail
陶荣浩	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036 华中农业大学资源与环境学院, 武汉 430070
高羽欣	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
谢君豪	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
胡婧怡	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400715
曹迟	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
胡兆云	铜陵市义安区农业技术推广中心, 安徽铜陵 244000
鲁洪娟	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036	hjlu@ahau.edu.cn
叶文玲	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036
马友华	农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室, 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036	yhma2020@qq.com

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中文摘要:

为探究饲用玉米在有机酸强化下对镉铅污染农田的修复和改良效果，本研究采用田间试验比较了柠檬酸（CA）、酒石酸（TA）和聚天冬氨酸（PASP）强化饲用玉米的修复效果和经济效益。结果表明：3种有机酸均能够提高玉米的生物量和产量，与对照相比，产量增幅在2.92%~8.37%。施用有机酸后，玉米籽粒镉、铅含量分别在0.13~0.90 mg·kg^-1和0.06~0.25 mg·kg^-1之间，均符合国家饲料卫生标准（GB 13078—2017），可作为植物性饲料原料；同时，玉米穗轴、秸秆和根中镉、铅含量较对照提升显著，秸秆和根对镉、铅的富集转运能力得到提高。按照修复0~20 cm耕层土壤计算，在酒石酸处理下，高玉2068和京科968分别对镉和铅提取量最高，达到了3.78 mg·m^-2和48.97 mg·m^-2，理论上最短13 a可使该农田达到安全利用类耕地标准。施用有机酸后，玉米成熟期土壤pH值下降了0.09~0.19个单位，有效态镉和铅含量最高增幅达到了52.37%和63.22%，提高了玉米植株的提取能力，进而降低了土壤中全量镉和铅的含量。从经济效益看，在有机酸处理下，种植裕丰303的投入产出比相对较高，在1.18~1.78之间。本研究证明高玉2068在酒石酸和聚天冬氨酸强化下修复效果最显著，而裕丰303在柠檬酸强化下虽修复年限较长，但具有较高经济效益，二者均可推广应用于重金属污染耕地的边生产边修复。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the restoration and improvement of cadmium-lead polluted farmland by forage maize strengthened with organic acid. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to compare the reparative effects and economic benefits of fortified forage maize enhanced with citric acid（CA）, tartaric acid（TA）, and polyaspartic acid（PASP）. The results showed that：all three organic acids could increase the biomass and yield of maize, with a yield increase of 2.92%- 8.37% compared to the control. After the application of organic acids, the cadmium and lead concentrations in maize grains ranged from 0.13 mg·kg^-1 to 0.90 mg·kg^-1 and 0.06 mg·kg^-1 to 0.25 mg ·kg^-1, respectively, which met the national feed hygiene standard（GB 13078—2017）and can be used as plant-based-feed raw materials. Meanwhile, the concentration of cadmium and lead in maize cobs, straw, and roots significantly increased compared to the control, and the ability of straw and roots to accumulate and transport cadmium and lead improved. During the reparation of 0-20 cm of arable soil with TA treatment, Gaoyu 2068 and Jingke 968 extracted the highest amounts of cadmium and lead, respectively, reaching 3.78 mg·m^-2 and 48.97 mg·m^-2, respectively. In theory, the shortest time required to make the farmland meet the standard for safe use of arable land is 13 years. After the application of organic acids, although the soil pH value during the mature period of maize decreased by 0.09- 0.19 units, the highest increase in available cadmium and lead concentration reached 52.37% and 63.22%, respectively, improving the extraction ability of maize plants and thereby reducing the total cadmium and lead concentrations in the soil. From the perspective of economic benefits, under organic acid treatment, the input-output ratio of planting Yufeng 303 is relatively high, ranging from 1.18 to 1.78. This study proves that Gaoyu 2068 has the most significant remediation effect under treatment with TA and PASP. Although the repair period of Yufeng 303 under CA reinforcement is relatively long, it has high economic benefits. Both can be promoted and applied for the simultaneous production and remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated farmland.

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