菜薹镉低积累“油蔬两用”油菜品种筛选及海藻糖对其镉积累和品质的影响

邹翔宇; 岳文丽; 贺原; 丁茂文; 李瑞; 董嘉; 朱宗河; 郑文寅; 张付贵; 周可金; 余燕

文章摘要

邹翔宇,岳文丽,贺原,丁茂文,李瑞,董嘉,朱宗河,郑文寅,张付贵,周可金,余燕.菜薹镉低积累“油蔬两用”油菜品种筛选及海藻糖对其镉积累和品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(4):774-785.

菜薹镉低积累“油蔬两用”油菜品种筛选及海藻糖对其镉积累和品质的影响

Selection of bolt low-cadmium-accumulation rapeseed varieties and investigation of the effect of trehalose on their cadmium accumulation and quality

投稿时间：2023-06-22

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0493

中文关键词: 油菜薹镉积累海藻糖低积累品种品质

英文关键词: rapeseed flower stalk cadmium accumulation trehalose low-accumulation varieties quality

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32201915）；高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目（gxyqZD2021096）；安徽省油料作物产业技术体系“十四五”计划项目；安徽农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划（X202210364526）

作者	单位	E-mail
邹翔宇	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
岳文丽	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
贺原	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
丁茂文	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
李瑞	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
董嘉	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
朱宗河	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
郑文寅	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
张付贵	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
周可金	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036
余燕	安徽农业大学农学院, 合肥 230036	yuyan@ahau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为完善镉（Cd）污染农田“油蔬两用”油菜安全生产栽培调控技术，本试验以22个甘蓝型“油蔬两用”油菜品种为材料，采用盆栽试验，根据Cd积累量和地上部干质量差异，筛选Cd低积累油菜品种。并进一步研究外源海藻糖喷施时期（苗期、薹期、苗期+薹期）和浓度（10、20、40、80 mmol·L^-1）对Cd低积累品种油菜生长发育、薹Cd积累及品质的影响。结果表明：Cd胁迫下22个油菜品种各部位Cd积累量和地上部干质量差异显著，其中安农油1号（ANY-1）和同油杂2号（TYZ-2）具有高生物量和低Cd积累的特性，较适宜油蔬两用种植。与对照（CK）相比，Cd处理导致油菜生长受阻，菜薹产量及品质下降。外源喷施10~40 mmol·L^-1海藻糖可不同程度缓解Cd对油菜的毒害作用，降低菜薹Cd积累，提高菜薹产量和品质，其中苗期喷施20 mmol·L^-1海藻糖为最佳喷施时期和浓度。苗期喷施20 mmol·L^-1海藻糖缓解了2个油菜品种Cd毒害，叶绿素含量（SPAD）、地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、根颈粗较不喷施海藻糖处理相比分别显著提高了13.4%~16.1%、59.1%~63.3%、42.1%~103.6%和30.6%~37.8%，菜薹Cd含量显著降低了61.5%~70.6%，菜薹产量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量分别提高了28.4%~34.5%、41.9%~46.0%和62.6%~76.1%。综上所述，Cd污染土壤种植菜薹Cd低积累油菜品种ANY-1和TYZ-2，结合苗期喷施20 mmol·L^-1海藻糖，可有效降低菜薹Cd积累，保障菜薹食用安全，提高菜薹产量和品质。

英文摘要:

To improve cultivation and regulation for the safe production of“oil - vegetable dual - usage”rapeseed（Brassica napus）in cadmium（Cd）-contaminated farmland, this study employed 22 varieties B. napus as the primary materials. Through pot experiments, this study aimed to identify rapeseed varieties with low Cd accumulation based on differences in Cd accumulation and aboveground dry weight. Furthermore, the effects of exogenous trehalose application at different stages（seedling stage, bolting stage, and seedling + bolting stage） and concentrations（10, 20, 40 mmol·L^-1, and 80 mmol·L^-1）on the growth, Cd accumulation, and quality of bolt low-Cd-accumulation varieties. The results indicated significant differences in Cd accumulation and aboveground dry weight among 22 rapeseed varieties under Cd stress. Notably, Annongyou 1（ANY-1）and Tongyouza 2（TYZ-2）exhibited high-biomass and low-Cd-accumulation characteristics, making them suitable for cultivation as dual-usage rapeseed varieties. Compared with the control（CK）, Cd treatment resulted in stunted rapeseed growth and reduced rapeseed flower stalk yield and quality. The exogenous application of 10 - 40 mmol ·L^-1 trehalose could alleviate the toxicity of Cd on rapeseed to varying degrees, reduce Cd accumulation in rapeseed flower stalks, and improve the yield and quality. Among the different application stages and concentrations, spraying 20 mmol ·L^-1 trehalose at the seedling stage was the most effective. Spraying 20 mmol·L^-1 trehalose at the seedling stage alleviated Cd toxicity in two rapeseed varieties. It significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD）, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and crown diameter by 13.4%-16.1%, 59.1%-63.3%, 42.1%- 103.6%, and 30.6%-37.8%, respectively. The Cd content of rapeseed flower stalks was significantly decreased by 61.5%-70.6%, while the yield, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were increased by 28.4%-34.5%, 41.9%-46.0%, and 62.6%-76.1%, respectively. In conclusion, the cultivation of rapeseed varieties ANY-1 and TYZ-2 with bolt low Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated soil, combined with spraying 20 mmol·L^-1 trehalose at the seedling stage, effectively reduced Cd accumulation in rapeseed flower stalk, ensuring their safety for consumption and improving their yield and quality.

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