| 刘迎霞,娄运生,高安妮,杜泽云.施肥对不同时期遮阴小麦光合、产量和品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(3):496-503. |
| 施肥对不同时期遮阴小麦光合、产量和品质的影响 |
| Effects of fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality in winter wheat under different shading periods |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-01 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0619 |
| 中文关键词: 遮阴 施复合肥 施硅肥 冬小麦 光合作用 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词: shading fertilization winter wheat photosynthesis yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41875177） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 340 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究通过施肥能否减缓太阳辐射减弱对小麦生长发育及产量形成的不利影响，通过田间模拟试验，研究了不同生育期遮阴下施肥对冬小麦植株光合生理、产量和品质的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计，遮阴设3水平，即不遮阴（S0，遮阴率0）、开花-成熟期遮阴（S1，平均遮阴率68%）、分蘖-成熟期遮阴（S2，平均遮阴率68%）；复合肥（N-P2O5-K2O）施用量设3水平，即100 kg·hm-2（F1）、200 kg·hm-2（F2）和300 kg·hm-2（F3）；硅肥施用量（以SiO2计）设3水平，即0（R0）、200 kg·hm-2（R1）和400 kg·hm-2（R2）。结果表明：S1提高冬小麦开花-灌浆期旗叶净光合速率（Pn），S1和S2降低开花-灌浆期气孔导度（Gs）和灌浆期蒸腾速率（Tr），提高胞间CO2浓度（Ci）；S1和S2降低千粒质量、结实率、产量，减少籽粒直链淀粉含量和总淀粉含量，提高籽粒蛋白质含量。F1、F2分别提高开花期Pn、Gs、Tr和灌浆期Pn、Gs、Tr；F3提高籽粒千粒质量、结实率、产量、直链淀粉含量和总淀粉含量。施硅提高冬小麦灌浆期旗叶Pn，R1提高千粒质量、结实率和产量，降低籽粒直链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量和蛋白质含量。研究认为，尽管开花-成熟期遮阴提高冬小麦开花-灌浆期旗叶Pn，但抑制小麦灌浆期叶片蒸腾作用，影响产量形成，而施复合肥300 kg·hm-2配施硅肥200 kg·hm-2可促进冬小麦光合和蒸腾作用，提高产量和改善品质，缓解遮阴带来的不利影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Solar radiation is one of the important factors for crop production. Decreasing solar radiation is not conducive to the growth and yield formation of wheat. Currently, it is unclear whether fertilization can alleviate adverse effects of decreasing solar radiation on wheat production. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality in winter wheat under shading with different growth stages. The orthogonal design with three factors and three levels was adopted in the experiment. Shading was set at three levels, i.e., no shading(S0, shading rate 0%), shading with flowering-maturity period(S1, average shading rate 68%), and shading with tiller-maturity period(S2, average shading rate 68%). NPK compound fertilizer was set at three supply rates, i.e., 100(F1), 200(F2), and 300 kg·hm-2(F3); The silicate fertilizer(SiO2) as steel slag was also set at three supply rates, i.e., 0(R0), 200(R1), and 400 kg·hm-2(R2). Results showed that:S1 increased net photosynthetic rate(Pn) in flag leaves at winter wheat flowering-filling stage. S1 and S2 decreased stomatal conductance(Gs) at grain flowering stage, and decreased transpiration rate(Tr) during the filling period, but increased intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci). S1 and S2 decreased 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate and yield, as well as rain amylose content and total starch content, but increased grain protein content. F1 and F2 increased Pn, Gs, Tr during flowering and filling stage, respectively; F3 increased 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, yield, amylose content, and total starch content. Silicate supply increased Pn in flag leaves during the filling period of winter wheat. R1 increased 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, and yield, but reduced the content of amylose, total starch and protein in grains. This study suggests that shading with the flowering-maturity period increased Pn in the flag leaves of winter wheat, but inhibited the transpiration rate at the grain filling stage and affected yield formation. Supplying compound fertilizer at 300 kg·hm-2 and silicate fertilizer(steel slag) at 200 kg SiO2·hm-2 could promote photosynthesis and transpiration, improve the yield and quality, and alleviate the adverse effects of shading on winter wheat production. |
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