| 郭儆瑜,金文,刘志涛,程照瑞,赵文青,孟亚利.秸秆与生物炭对棉田碱性土壤NH3挥发与N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(2):442-451. |
| 秸秆与生物炭对棉田碱性土壤NH3挥发与N2O排放的影响 |
| Effects of straw and biochar on NH3 volatilization and N2O emission from alkaline soils planted with cotton |
| 投稿时间：2023-03-20 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0206 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆 生物炭 NH3 N2O 氮循环酶 碱性土壤 |
| 英文关键词: straw biochar NH3 N2O N cycle enzymes alkaline soil |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD1001004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究秸秆和秸秆生物炭连续添加5 a后对土壤氨（NH3）挥发和氧化亚氮（N2O）排放的影响，并确定合理的秸秆还田措施，以降低碱性棉田氮损失。本研究基于等碳量输入，设置秸秆翻埋、秸秆催腐+覆盖还田、秸秆生物炭翻埋和不还田对照共4个处理，氮磷钾肥统一施用。结果表明：秸秆生物炭翻埋下土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放分别较不还田对照显著降低27.3%和56.7%，主要归因于生物炭显著抑制土壤羟胺还原酶与硝酸还原酶活性，增加棉花氮吸收量，也与生物炭自身的强吸附能力有关。而秸秆翻埋、秸秆催腐+覆盖还田分别较对照增加NH3挥发37.2%和21.2%，但减少N2O排放17.1%和38.3%，这两种秸秆还田方式均显著促进土壤有机氮矿化和羟胺还原酶活性，抑制硝酸还原酶活性。冗余分析（RDA）结果表明羟胺还原酶和棉花氮吸收是土壤NH3挥发和N2O排放的主要影响因子，解释率分别为64.8%和20.1%。研究表明，秸秆生物炭翻埋对NH3和N2O减排的综合效果优于秸秆，是碱性棉田土壤值得推荐的氮减排措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The main objectives of this study were to investigate how straw and straw biochar influence soil ammonia（NH3）volatilization and nitrous oxide（N2O）emission after continuous addition for 5 years, and to ascertain a practical straw return practice for reducing N loss in alkaline cotton fields. On the basis of the equivalent carbon input, we established four treatments（straw incorporation, straw decomposition plus mulching, straw biochar incorporation, and a control treatment without straw or biochar）, all of which involved application of the same amount of NPK fertilizers. The results revealed that compared with the control, straw biochar incorporation promoted a significant reduction in NH3 volatilization by 27.3% and N2O emission by 56.7%. These effects were mainly attributed to the significant inhibition of soil hydroxylamine reductase and nitrate reductase activities, and an increase in N uptake by cotton, as well as the strong adsorption capacity of biochar per se. Furthermore, compared with the control treatment, straw incorporation and straw decomposition plus mulching increased NH3 volatilization by 37.2% and 21.2%, respectively, but reduced N2O emissions by 17.1% and 38.3%, respectively. These contrasting effects can be ascribed to the fact that that these two straw returning practices promote a significant enhancement of soil organic N mineralization and hydroxylamine reductase activity, while inhibiting nitrate reductase activity. Redundancy analysis provided evidence to indicate that hydroxylamine reductase activity and N uptake by cotton were the main factors influencing the observed effects, explaining 64.8% and 20.1% of the variances in NH3 volatilization and N2O emission, respectively. On the basis of these findings, it appears that straw biochar incorporation has the best synthetic benefits in the reducing NH3 volatilization and N2O emission and is accordingly recommended as a practice for reducing N loss in alkaline soil planted with cotton. |
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